DICOTYLEDONS : ARCHICHLAMYDEAE 247 



(Apium graveolens) the leaf -stalks are etiolated by banking 

 up with soil and so rendered white and tender. 



Other examples are the Common Parsley (Carum Petro- 

 selinum), Caraway ' seeds ' (the fruits of Carum Carui), 

 Aniseed (the fruits of Pimpinella Anisiim), and Coriander 

 ' seeds ' (the fruits of Conundrum sativum). Samphire 

 (Crithmum maritimum) and Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) 

 occur on sea cliffs, and the Sea Holly (Eryngium maritimum) 

 on sandy shores. Some, like the Chervil {Chaerophyllum 



Fig. 168. Floral Diagram of Heracleum. 



sylvestre), are troublesome weeds in meadows. Several 

 species are marsh plants, e. g. Marsh Pennywort (Hydro- 

 cotyle vulgaris), Wild Celery (Apium graveolens) , Dropworts 

 (Oenanthe spp). On stream-sides occurs Sweet Cicely 

 (Myrrhis odorata), and several are common in fields and 

 hedgebanks, e. g. Fool's Parsley (Aethusa Cynapium), 

 Hogweed {Heracleum Sphondylium) , Earth-nut (Cono- 

 podium denudatum), and Hedge Parsley (Caucalis An- 

 thriscus). 



Usually the fruits consist of two flattened mericarps, 



