254 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 



Many species may be found in pastures, meadows, and 

 hedgerows in Britain, e.g.: 



Ground Ivy (Nepeta hederacea), Self-heal (Prunella vulgaris). 

 Hedge Woundwort (Stachys sylvatica), Wood Betony (5. officinalis), 

 White Deadnettle (Lamium album), Red Deadnettle (L. purpureum), 

 Yellow Archangel (L. Galeobdolon), Wood Sage (Teucrium Scoro- 

 donia), Bugle (Ajuga reptans). 



Some are common cornfield weeds, e. g. Hemp Nettle (Galeopsis 

 Tetrahit), Corn Mint (Mentha arvensis). 



Others are marsh plants, e. g. Marsh Woundwort or Water Mint 

 \M. aquatica), Greater Skullcap (Scutellaria galericulata) , Gipsy- 

 wort (Lycopus europaeus). 



Order Solanaceae. Flowers usually regular. Sepals 

 five, united. Petals five, united. Stamens five, epi- 

 petalous ; antheis often united. Carpels two, syncar- 

 pous, and placed obliquely. Ovary two-celled, ovules 

 indefinite ; style terminal. Fruit a capsule (e. g. 

 Henbane), or a berry (e. g. Bittersweet and Potato) 

 (Fig. 173). 



The leaves are alternate, but in the inflorescence, as a 

 result of fusion and displacement (adnation), two leaves 

 occur apparently at the same node. The flowers are 

 usually regular, but a few are zygomorphic, and form a 

 transition to the order Scrophulariaceae. 



Only four species grow wild in Britain, one of which, the 

 Woody Nightshade (Solatium Dulcamara) (Fig. 125), is 

 common in hedgerows, but many are familiar in cultivation. 

 A large number occur in Central and South America, from 

 whence we have obtained such plants as the Potato (Sola- 

 rium tuberosum), Petunia, Winter Cherry (Physalis spp.), 

 and Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum). The flower of the 

 Tobacco has a very long corolla-tube, and is pollinated by 

 long-tongued moths. 



Many species are poisonous or narcotic, a property which 

 is due to the presence of such alkaloids as atropine, the 

 active principle in belladonna, nicotine, and hyoscyamine, 



