258 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 



Foxglove (Fig. 174, 2), four stamens and sometimes a 

 staminode in the two former. Veronica has only two 

 stamens (Fig. 174, 3 and Fig. 126). 



Order Caprifoliaceae. Mostly shrubs or trees, leaves 

 decussate, usually exstipulate. Flowers in cymes, 

 regular, sometimes irregular, usually showy, epigynous. 

 Calyx five- toothed. Corolla five-lobed. Stamens five 

 (or four to ten), epipetalous. Carpels two to five, 

 syncarpous. Ovary inferior, one- to five-celled, with one 

 to many ovules in each cell. Fruit usually a berry or 

 a drupe (Fig. 175, 1). 



This order includes a number of shrubs well known in 

 cultivation, several of which are found wild in Britain, e. g. 

 Elder {Sambucus nigra), Guelder Rose {Viburnum Opulus), 

 Wayfaring Tree {V. Lantana), Honeysuckle or Woodbine 

 {Lonicera Periclymenum) , the Snowberry {Symphoricarpus 

 racemosus), Weigelia {Diervilla florida) . Several others are 

 common in shrubberies. 



The Elder has compound, pinnate, and stipulate leaves ; 

 small regular hermaphrodite flowers in umbellate cymes ; 

 and the fruit is a drupe with one to five stones. 



The Guelder Rose has simple leaves with small glandular 

 stipules, and cup-like extra floral nectaries on the leaf-stalk 

 (Fig. 219, 5). The flowers are in corymbose cymes and 

 show an interesting division of labour (Fig. 175, 2). The 

 outer flowers of the inflorescence are neuter, with large, 

 attractive, irregular corollas ; but they have neither 

 stamens nor pistil (Fig. 175, 3). The inner flowers are much 

 smaller and perfect (Fig. 175, 4 and 5), producing bright 

 red drupe-like fruits each with one stone. In the cultivated 

 form of Guelder Rose all the flowers are neuter and have 

 large corollas. 



The Wayfaring Tree is a characteristic shrub of the 

 woodlands on calcareous soil. The young shoots are 



