PART IV 

 COMMON TREES AND SHRUBS 



CHAPTER XXII 

 CONE-BEARING TREES 



In the vegetation of the earth, trees occupy the first 

 place. By virtue of their size, wide-spreading branches, 

 and dense foliage, they exert a dominating influence on 

 more lowly plants growing beneath them, and when growing 

 together in large numbers, as in a forest, not only give 

 a characteristic aspect to the scenery, but affect in no small 

 degree the climate of the country in which they grow. 

 They yield many products of great value to man, provide 

 shelter for his home and for his domestic animals, and add 

 much to the beauty of his surroundings. A study of plants, 

 therefore, is incomplete without a knowledge of trees, and 

 in this section a number of the more common kinds have 

 been selected for study. 



Scots Pine 



Scots Pine (Pinas sylvestris) is commonly planted in 

 Britain, sometimes forming large plantations, and fre- 

 quently scattered amongst other trees in woods. It is 

 sometimes known as the Scotch Fir. In Scotland and 

 Norway it forms extensive forests. The smaller trunks are 



