278 



COMMON TREES AND SHRUBS 



dies (Fig. 78), and growth is then continued by the next bud 

 below. The flowers (Fig. 185, 3 and 4) have been described 

 on p. 160, and are in catkins, male and female on separate 

 trees, i. e. they are dioecious. In the Goat-Willow the cat- 

 kins appear before the leaves, but in the Osiers leaves and 



Fig. 185. The Goat-Willow. i, leafy shoot bearing female 

 catkin; 2, branch bearing two male catkins; 3, female flower; 

 4, male flower ; 5, capsule dehiscing ; 6, pappose seed ; 7, floral 

 diagram of female flower ; 8, floral diagram of male flower ; a, 

 stamens ; br, bract ; f.c, female catkin ; n, nectary ; 0, ovary. 



catkins are out together. The fruit is a capsule (Fig. 185, 5) 

 opening by two recurved valves. The seeds are numerous, 

 and each is provided with a tuft of hairs as an aid to wind- 

 dispersal. Fig. 157 is a photograph of fruiting Willows on 

 a sand-dune ; they have the appearance of being coated 

 with cotton wool. 



