Fig. 188. Birch. i, winter shoot; 2, leafy shoot; 3, floral 

 diagram of male cyme ; 4, floral diagram of female cyme ; 5, bracts 

 of female flower ; 6, winged nutlet ; br, bracts ; d.s, dwarf shoot 

 with foliagedeaves and fruiting catkins ; f.c, female catkins ; 

 m.c, male catkins ; t, dead terminal branch. 



