2go 



COMMON TREES AND SHRUBS 



membraneous scales, which are stipules. The leaves are 

 folded fan-wise and covered with silky hairs (Figs. 72, 75, 76). 

 As the bud opens and the leaves, which are in two rows, 

 mature, the fringed stipules fall off. The leaf-base is small, 

 and leaves a small, oval scar with three leaf-traces ; the 



Fig. 191. Beech. 1, leafy shoot showing leaf -mosaic ; 2, 

 flowering shoot ; 3, male flower ; 4, female flower ; 5, fruit enclosed 

 in a spiny cupule ; a, stamens ; by, bracts ; f.c, female catkins ; 

 m.c, male catkin; pe, perianth. 



stalk is short and hairy; the blade oval, thin, and tough, 

 smooth above and silky beneath ; the margin is wavy and, 

 when young, fringed with hairs. 



In young trees and in cut Beech-hedges, the leaves turn 

 a light brown in the autumn and remain on the twigs all 

 the winter. The spreading, plate-like branches of the 



