340 



ECOLOGY 



(2) Plants with nectaries on their leaves (extra-floral 

 nectaries) : Guelder Rose (Fig. 219, 5), Bird Cherry, 

 Wild Cherry (Fig. 219, 6), and Bracken. 



Fig. 219. Modified Shoots and Leaves. 1, Hawthorn ; 2, 

 Barberry ; 3, base of Barberry leaf ; 4, spiny leaf on long shoot 

 of Barberry ; 5, leaf of Guelder Rose ; 6, leaf of Cherry ; 7, shoot 

 of Cleavers with hooked fruits ; b.s, branch-spine ; d.s, dwarf 

 shoot ; j, joint ; l.s, leaf-spines ; n, extra-floral nectaries ; st, stipule. 



(3) Climbing plants : 



These are very numerous, and all the main forms 

 may be found and their modes of growth observed. 



(a) Hook climbers or Scramblers. Brambles, 

 Cleavers (Fig. 219, 7). 



(b) Root climber. Ivy (Fig. 222, 1). 



