STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 47 



United States.* Porcher ^ says that in the South the subterranean pod is cultivated as 

 a vegetable and is called hog peanut. 



Anacarditun humile St. Hil. Anacardiaceae. monkey-nut. 



Brazil., The nuts are eaten and conserves are made of the fruit.' 

 A. nanum St. Hil. 



Brazil. The nuts are eaten and conserves are made of the fruit.* 

 A. occidentale Linn, cashew. 



This tree is indigenous to the West Indies, Central America, Guiana, Peru and Brazil 

 in all of which countries it is cultivated. The Portuguese transplanted it as early as the 

 sixteenth centiuy to the East Indies and Indian archipelago. Its existence on the eastern 

 coast of Africa is of still more recent date, while neither China, Japan, or the islands of 

 the Pacific Ocean possess it.' The shell of the fruit has thin layers, the intermediate one 

 possessing an acrid, caustic oil, called cardol, which is destroyed by heat, hence the kernels 

 are roasted before being eaten; the younger state of the kernel, however, is pronounced 

 wholesome and delicious when fresh. Drury * says the kernels are edible and wholesome, 

 abounding in sweet, milky juice and are used for imparting a flavor to Madeira wine. 

 Ground and mixed with cocoa, they make a good chocolate. The juice of the fruit is 

 expressed, and, when fermented, yields a pleasant wine; distilled, a spirit is drawn from 

 the wine making a good punch. A variety of the tree is grown in Travancore, probably 

 elsewhere, the pericarp of the nuts of which has no oil but may be chewed raw with impunity. 

 An edible oil equal to olive oil or almond oil is procured from the nuts but it is seldom 

 prepared, the kernels being used as a table fruit. A gtim, similar to gimi arabic, called 

 cadju gum, is secreted from this tree. The thickened receptacle of the nut has an agree- 

 able, acid flavor and is edible.' 



A. rhinocarpus DC. wild cashew. 



South America. This is a noble tree of Columbia and British Guiana, where it is called 

 wild cashew. It has pleasant, edible fruits like the cashew. In Panama, according to 

 Seemann, the tree is called espave, in New Granada caracoli.^ 



Anagallis arvensis Linn. Primulaceae. pimpernel, poor man's weatherglass, 

 shepherd's clock. 

 Europe and temperate Asia. Pimpernel, according to Fraas,' is eaten as greens in 

 the Levant. Johnson "* says it forms a part of salads in France and Germany. The flowers 

 close at the approach of bad weather, hence the name, poor man's weatherglass. 



Gray, A. Man. Bot. 530. 1908. 



' Porcher, F. P. Res. So. Fields, Forests 227. 1869. 



Baillon, H. Hisi. Pis. S-i04- 1878. 



Ibid. 



Unger, F. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. 347 . 1859. 



Drury, H. Useful Pis. Ind. 33. 1858. 



' Masters, M. T. Treas. Bot. 1:58. 1870. 

 Black, A. A. Treas. Bot. 2:973. 1870. (Rhinocarpus) 

 Pickering, C. Chron. Hist. Pis. 200. 1879. 

 " Johnson, C. P. Useful Pis. Gt. Brit. 212. 1862. 



