sturteva.nt's notes on edible plants 49 



the Orinoco, at Esmeralda; and Schomburgk' found the wild fruit, bearing seeds, in con- 

 siderable quantity throughout Guiana. Piso ^ also mentions a pineapple having many 

 seeds growing wild in Brazil. Titford ' says this deHcious fniit is well known and very 

 common in Jamaica, where there are several sorts. Unger'' says, in 1592 it was carried 

 to Bengal aifii probably from Peru by way of the Pacific Ocean to China. Ainslie' says 

 that it was introduced in the reign of the Emperor Akbar by the Portuguese who brought 

 the seed from Malacca; that it was naturalized in Java as early as 1599 and was taken 

 thence to Evu-ope. In 1594, it was ctiltivated in China, brought thither perhaps from 

 America by way of the Philippines.* An anonymous writer states that it was quite com- 

 mon in India in 1549 and this is in accord with Acosta's statement. 



The pineapple is now grown in abundance about Calcutta, and Firminger ' describes 

 ten varieties. It is now a common plant in Celebes and the Philippine Islands. The 

 Jesuit, Boymins,' mentions it in his Flora Sinensis of 1636. A white kind in the- East 

 Indies, says Unger,' which has run wild, still contains seed in its fruit. In 1777, Captain 

 Cook planted pineapples in various of the Pacific Isles, as at Tongatabu, Friendly Islands, 

 and Society Islands. Afzelius '" says pineapples grow wild in Sierra Leone and are culti- 

 vated by the natives. Don " states that they are so abundant in the woods as to obstruct 

 passage and that they bear fruit abundantly.^^ In Angola, wild pines are mentioned by 

 Montiero," and the pineapple is noticed in East Africa by Krapf. R. Brown " speaks 

 of the pineapples as existing upon the west coast of Africa but he admits its American 

 origin. In Italy, the first attempts at growing pineapples were made in 1616 but failed. 

 At Leyden, a Dutch gardener was successful in growing them in 1686. The fruit, a:s 

 imported, was known in England in the time of Cromwell and is again noticed in 1661 

 and in 1688 from Barbados. The first plants introduced into England came from Holland 

 in 1690, but the first success at culture dates from 17 12. 



Anaphalis margaritacea Benth. & Hook. Compositae. pearly everlasting. 



North America. Josselyn,'^ prior to 1670, remarks of this plant that "the fishermen 

 when they want tobacco, take this herb: being cut and dryed." In France, it is an inmate 

 of the flower garden. 



' Raleigh Disc. Guiana. Hakl. Soc. Ed. 74. 1848. 



5 De CandoUe, A. P. Geog. Bot. 2:927. 1855. 



Titford, W. J. Hort. Bot. Amer. 54. 1812. 



Unger, F. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. 331. 1859. (Bromelia ananas) 



'Ainslie, W. Mat. Ini. 1:^,15. 1826. 



Ibid. 



' Firminger, T. A. C, Card. Ind. 174. 1874. 



' Boston Daily Advertiser Aug. 10, 1880. 



Unger, F. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. 331. 1859. (Bromelia ananas) 

 " Sabine, J. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 5:461. 1824. {Bromelia ananas) 

 " Ibid. 

 " Ibid. 



" Montiero, J. J. Angola, River Congo 2:2()?i. 1875. 

 " De CandoUe, A. Geog. Bot. 2:927. 1855. 

 "Josselyn, J. Voy. 78. 1663. 



