STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS I43 



which the fruit is said to attain a weight of 15 pounds, is melon-shaped, and marked as 

 melons are with longitudinally-colored stripes. The fruit may be sliced and pickled. 

 The ripe fruit is eaten with sugar or salt and pepper. The seeds are egg-shaped, strong- 

 flavored and used as a spice. The leaves have the property of making meat wrapped 

 up in them, fender. Brandis ' also says, meat becomes tender by washing it with water 

 impregnated with the rnilky juice, or by suspending the joint under the tree. Williams ^ 

 says, the Chinese are acquainted with this property and make use of it sometimes to soften 

 the flesh of ancient hens and cocks by hanging the newly-killed birds in the tree, or by 

 feeding them upon the fruit beforehand. The Chinese also eat the leaves. Hemdon ' 

 says, on the mountains of Peru, the fruit is of the size of a common muskmelon, with a 

 green skin and yellow pulp, which is eaten and is very sweet and of a delicate flavor. 

 Hartt * says the maniao, a species of Carica in Brazil, furnishes a large and savory fruit 

 full of seeds. Brandis* calls the ripe fruit in India sweet and pleasant, and says the 

 tuiripe fruit is eaten as a vegetable and preserved. Wilkes * says, it is prized by the 

 natives of Fiji, and Gray ' says the fruit is a favorite esculent of the Sandwich Islanders. 

 The tree bears in a year or 18 months from seed and is cultivated in tropical climates. 



C. posopora Linn. 



Peru and Chile. This species bears yellow, pear-shaped, edible fruit.' 



Carissa grandiflora, A. DC. Apocynaceae. amatungula. caraunda. natal plum. 



South Africa. The flavor is subacid and agreeable and the fruit is much prized in 

 Natal for preserving.' 



Carlina acanthifolia All. Compositae. acanthus-leaved thistle. 



Mediterranean region. The receptacle of the flowers may be used like that of an 

 artichoke. 



C. vulgaris Linn, carline thistle. 



Europe and northern Asia. The receptacles of the flowers are used like an artichoke. 



Carlotea fonnosissimum Arruda. Family unknown. 



Pernambuco. The tuberous root, abounding with soft and nutritive fecula, has 

 afforded assistance to the people in parts of Brazil, in times of drought.'" 



C. speciosa Arruda. 



Pernambuco. The tuberous roots have found use in Brazil. 



' Brandis, D. Forest Fl. 245. 1874. 



' Williams, S. W. Mid. King. 1:28^. 1848. 



' Hemdon, W. L., and Gibbon, L. Explor. Vail. Amaz. 1:87. 1854. 



Uartt Ceog. Braz. 217. 1870. 

 Brandis, D. Forest Fl. 2^5. 1876. 



Wilkes, C. U. S. Explor. Exped. 3:33^. 1845. 

 'Gray, A. Bot. U. 5. Explor. Exped. 640. 1854. 



Don, G. Hist. Dichl. Pis. 3:44. 1834. 



Jackson, J. R. Treas. Bot. 2:1263. 1876. (Arduina grandiflora) 

 "Koster Trav. Braz. 2:368. 181 7. 



