sturtevant's notes on edible plants 167 



conspicuous, and this feature would lead one to su.spo^t that the type is to be seen in the 

 Seris sativa of Lobel/ but the resemblances are quite remote. This is the Cichorium 

 latioris Join of Dodonaeus,^ 1616. The endives were in English gardens as well-known 

 plants in 1778' and were named among seec^men's supplies in 1726.^ They were in 

 the United States prior to 1806.^ 



C. intybus Linn, barbe de capuchin, cijicory. succory, witloof. 



Eiirope and the Orient. Wild chicory has been used from time immemorial as a 

 salad-plant and, forced in darkness, affords the highly-esteemed vegetable in France known 

 as barbe de capuchin. It has also large-rooted varieties and these, when treated in like 

 manner, form the vegetable known in Belgivim as witloof. 



Whether chicory was cultivated by the ancients there is reason to doubt, although 

 they knew the wild plant and its uses as a vegetable. It is not mentioned in the descrip- 

 tive list of garden vegetables in use in the thirteenth century, as given by Albertus Magnus.* 

 Ruellis," 1535, mentions two kinds but does not imply cultivation; nor does Fuschius,' 

 1542, who likewise names two kinds, one of which is our dandelion. It is treated of by 

 Tragus,' 1552; Matthiolus,'" 1558; the Adii^sana," 1570; Lobel,'^ 1576; Camerarius,i' 1586; 

 Dalechamp," 1587; Gerarde,'^ iS97; but with no mention of cultivation. Although not 

 mentioned in Lyte's translation of Dodonaeus, 1586, as cultivated, yet, in Dodonaeus' 

 Pempiades, 1616, it is said not only to occur wild throughout all Germany but to be oil- 

 tivated in gardens. This is the first mention of culture noted. In 1686, Ray '* says " it 

 is sown in gardens and occurs wild in England." The seed occurs among seedsmen's 

 supplies in 1726.'^ 



At the present time, chicory is grown for the use of its leaves in salads and for its 

 root to be used as an adidterant for coffee. The smooth, tapering root, which seems such 

 an improved form in our modem varieties, is beautifully figured by Camerarius in 1586. 

 The common chicory grown for salads is but the wild plant little changed and with the 

 divided leaves as figured by the herbalists. The entire-leaved form with a tendency to a 

 red midrib also occurs in nature and may be considered as the near prototype of the Magde- 



Lobel Obs. 114. 1576. 



' Dodonaeus Pempt. 634. 161 6. 



Mawe and Abercrombie Univ. Card. Bot. 1778. 



Townsend Seedsman 20. 1726. 



McMahon, B. Amer. Card. Cal. 581. 1806. 



Albertus Magnus lib. 7, tract 2, c. 2. 

 1 Ruellius Nat. Stir p. 495. 1536. 



Fuchsius Hist. Stir p. 679. 1542. 

 Tragus Stirp. 272. 1552. 



" Matthiolus Comment, 258. 1558. ; 

 " Pena and Lobel Advers. 82. 1570. 

 " Lobel PI. Stirp. Hist. 114. 1576. 

 " Camerarius Epit. 285. 1586. 

 " Dalechamp Hist. Cen. PL (Lugd.) 557. 1587. 

 "Gerarde, J. Herb. 2^$. 1597- 

 "Ray ^ii/. P/. 1:255. 1686. 

 " Townsend Seedsman 33. 1726. 



