174 sturtevant's notes on edible plants 



C. aurantium Linn, bergamont. bitter orange. Seville orange, sweet orange. 



Tropical eastern Asia. The sweet orange began to be cultivated in Europe about the 

 middle of the fifteenth century. Phillips ' says it was introduced at Lisbon in 1548 by 

 Juan de Castro, a celebrated Portuguese warrior, and from this one tree all the European 

 orange trees of this sort were propagated. This tree was said to have been alive at Lisbon 

 in 1823. One of the first importations of oranges into England occurred A. D. 1290, in 

 which year a Spanish ship laden with this fruit arrived at Portsmouth; of this cargo the 

 Queen of Edward I bought seven.' Gallesio ' says the sweet orange reached Europe 

 through Persia to Syria, and thence to the shores of Italy and the south of France, being 

 carried by the Arabs. It was seen by Friar Jordanus * in India about 1330. In the year 

 1500, says Loudon,' there was only one orange-tree in France, which had been planted 

 in 142 1 at Pempeluna in Navarre, and this tree is still living. In 1791, Bartram * refers 

 to the orange as growing abundantly in Florida, as is apparent from the context, and in 

 187 1 Dr. Baldwin writes, " you may eat oranges from morning to night at every planta- 

 tion along the shore (of the St. Johns), while the wild trees, bending with their golden 

 fruit over the water, present an enchanting appearance." Oranges are also found in 

 Louisiana and in California (they were seen by Father Baegert ^ in 1751) and are now quite 

 extensively grown for market in the extreme southern states. They are imported to 

 our Atlantic ports from the Mediterranean, the Azores and also from the West Indies. 

 At San Francisco, large quantities are received from Tahiti and Mexico and a few from 

 Hawaii. There are nimierous varieties grown, some of which are so distinct as to be 

 described as botanical species. 



Bergamot. 



The bergamot first appeared in the latter part of the seventeenth century. It is 

 not mentioned in the grand work on orange trees by Ferrari,' 1676, nor by Lanzani,' 1690, 

 nor Quintinye,'" 1692. It seems to be first mentioned in a Uttle book called La Parjumeur 

 Fran$ois,'-^ published at Lyons in 1693.'' There are several varieties. 



BiGARADE Orange. Sour Orange. Bitter Orange. Seville Orange. 

 The sour orange is extensively ctiltivated in the warmer parts of the Mediterranean 

 region, especially in Spain, and exists under many varieties. It was probably the first 

 orange cultivated in Europe. i' The sour orange was not mentioned by Nearchus among 



Phillips, H. Comp. Orch. 266. 1831. 



2 Fluckiger and Hanbury Pharm. 112. 1879. 



' Gallesio TreaJ. Bo/. 1:292. 1870. 



* Jordanus, Fr. Wonders East. 1330. Hakl. Soc. Ed. 15. 1863. 



' Loudon, J. C. Hort. 608. i860. 



'Bartram, W. Trav. No., So. Car. 144. 1791. 



' Smithsonian Inst. Rpt. 356. 1863. 



' Fluckiger and Hanbury Pharm. 109. 1879. 



Ibid. 

 " Ibid. 

 " Ibid. 



Ibid. 



" Fluckiger and Hanbury Pharm. ill. 1879. 



