STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 1 97 



Lower Danube, Dneiper and the Don. The root is fleshy, sweet and the thickness of 

 a man's arm. It is eaten raw as a salad in Htmgary, as well as cooked, as is the case 

 with the young shoots of the stem. In times of famine, it has been used as bread in Hun- 

 gary and, says Unger,' it is probable that it was the chara caesaris which the soldiers of 

 Julius Caesar used as bread. 



Craniolaria annua Linn. Pedalineae. 



Tropi|g.l America. The fleshy and sweet root is preserved in sugar by the Creoles 

 as a delicacy.^ 



Crataegus aestivalis Torr & Gray. Rosaceae. Crataegus. 



North America. The tree bears a juicy, pleasant-flavored fruit which is much used.' 

 The fruit is said by Elliott * to be large, red, acid and used for tarts and preserves. 



C. azarolus Linn, azarole. 



Asia Minor and Persia. Azarole is much cultivated for its fruits, which are the size 

 of a cherry, red, with sometimes a tinge of yellow, and are said to have a very agreeable 

 flavor.' The fruit is eaten in Sicily, in Italy and the Levant, being sometimes served as 

 dessert, and is much used for preserves. It is common about Jerusalem, where its fruit 

 is collected for preserves.' It is, according to Stackhouse, the mespile anthedon of 

 Theophrastus. 



C. coccinea Linn. 



Eastern United States. Gray ' says the fruit is scarcely eatable. Elliott ' says the 

 fruit is red, large and eatable. The fruit is eaten fresh or mingled with choke cherries 

 and service berries and is pressed into cakes and dried for winter use by the western 

 Indians.' The small, purplish fruits are edible.^" 



C. douglasii Lindl. 



Michigan and the Northwest. This species bears a small, sweet, black fruit ripening 

 in August. It is largely collected by the Indians. 



C. fiava. SUMMER haw. yellow-fruited thorn. 



North America. The fruit is said by Elliott to be oval, red and well flavored. 



C. orientaUs Bieb. eastern thorn. 



Greece and Asia Minor. In the Crimea, this species bears little apples, sometimes 



Unger, F. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpl. 354. 1859. 

 ' Dickie, G. D. Treas. Bot. 1:344. i870- 

 Wood, A. Class Book Bot. 331. 1864. 



* Elliott, S. Bot. So. Car., Ga. 1:547-553. 1821. 

 ' Andrews Bot. Reposit 9:P1. 579. 1797. 



' Smith, J. Dom. Bot. 407. 1871. 

 'Gray, A. Man. Bot. lUi. 1868. 



Elliott, S. Bot. So. Car., Ga. 1:553. 1821. 

 U. S. D. A. Rpt. 413. 1870. 



"> Wood, A. Class Book Bot. 332. 1865. 



