198 sturtevant's notes on edible plants 



of a bright yellow and at other times of a lively red color, an agreeable fruit, much improved 

 by grafting.' 



C. ozyacantha Linn, hawthorn, quick, quick-set thorn, white thorn. 



Europe and temperate Asia. The fruit is said by Don "^ to be mealy, insipid, dark 

 red and occasionally yellow. Johnson ' says it is seldom eaten in England except by 

 children. Lightfoot * says that when thoroughly ripe it is eaten by the Highlanders. 

 In Kamchatka, the natives eat the fruits and make a land of wine by fermenting them 

 with water. In India, says Brandis,^ the tree is cultivated for its fruit. 



C. parvifolia Ait. dwarf thorn. 



North America. The greenish-yellow fruit is eatable.' 



C. pentagyna Waldst. & Kit. 



Europe and Asia. The plant grows wild in the hills west of Peldn. The red fruit 

 is much larger than the ordinary Crataegus; it is collected and an excellent sweetmeat 

 is prepared therefrom.' 



C. pubescens Steud. 



Mexico. A jelly is made from the fruit, resembling that of the quince.* 



C. sanguinea Pall. 



Russia and Siberia. In Germany, this species yields edible fruits. 



C. subvillosa Schrad. 



Eastern Asia and North America. The large, red fruit, often downy, is edible and 

 of an agreeable flavor.' 



C. tanacetifolia Pers. 



Armenia. The fruit resembles a small apple, about an inch in diameter, and is eaten 

 in Armenia.'" The Armenians relish the fruits, which resemble small apples, with five 

 roundings like the ribs of a melon, a little hairy, pale green inclining to yellow, with a raised 

 navel of five leaves." 



C. tomentosa Lirm. black thorn, pear thorn. 



Eastern United States. This species is said, in the Michigan Pomological Society's 

 catalog of 1879, to bear an edible fruit, often of pleasant flavor but which varies much in 

 quality. Probably, this is the " hawes of white thorn neere as good as our cherries in 



' Pallas, P. S. Trax. Russia 2:174. 1803. 



2 Don, G. Hist. Dichl. Pis. 2:600. 1832. 



> Johnson, C. P. Useful Pis. Gt. Brit. 98. 1862. 



Lightfoot, J. Fl. Scot. 1:256. 1789. 



'Brandis, D. Forest Fl. 207. 1874. 



Elliott, S. Bot. So. Car., Ga. 1:547. 1821. 



' Bretschneider, E. On Study 11. 1870. (C. pinnatifida) 



'Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 411. 1887, 



"Sargent t/. 5. CenjMj 9:78. 1884. 

 "Loudon, J. C. Arb. Frul. Brit. 2: 828. 1844. 

 " Toumefort Voy. Levant 2:172. 1 7 1 8. 



