sturtevant's notes on edible plants 229 



II. 



Globular-headed. 

 To this fonn belong two of Vilmorin's varieties and various other varieties as 

 described by other writers. The synonymy which seems to apply is: 

 Scolymus. Fuch. 792. 1542. cum ic. 

 Cardui alterum genus. Trag. 866. 1552. 

 Carduus, vulgo Carciofi. II. Matth. 322. 1558. 



CarduMf non aculeatus. Cam. Epit. ^^y. 1586. cmw z'c; Matth. 497. 1598. cum ic. 

 Right artichoke. Lyte's Dod. 603. 1586. 

 Cinara maxima ex Anglia delata. Lob. Icon. 2: 3. 1591. 

 Cinara maxima alba. Ger. 991. 1597. fig. 

 Cinara maxima anglica. Ger. l.'c. 

 Green or White. Quintyne 187. 1593; 178. 1704. 

 Red. Quintyne 1. c. 



Globular-headed Red Dutch. Mawe 1778. 



Globe Artichoke. Mill. Diet. 1807; Amer. Gard. Books 1806, 1819, 1828, etc. 

 Gros vert de Loon. Vilm. 1883. 

 Violet de Provence. Vilm. 1. c. 



The color of the heads also found mention in the early writers. In the first division, 

 the green is mentioned by Tragus, 1552; by Mawe, 1778; and by Miller's Dictionary, 

 1807; the purple by Qmntyne, 1693. In the Globe class, the white is named by Gerarde, 

 1597; and by Quintyne, 1693; and the red by Gerarde, 1597; by Quintyne, 1693; and by 

 Mawe, 1778; and Parkinson, 1629, named the red and the white. 



The so-called wild plants of the herbalists seem to offer like variations to those we 

 have noted in the cultivated forms, but the difficulty of identification renders it inexpedient 

 to state a fixed conclusion. The heads are certainly no larger now than they were 250 

 years ago, for the Hortus Eystettensis figures one 15 inches in diameter. The long period 

 during which the larger part of the present varieties have been known seems to justify 

 the belief that modern origination has not been frequent. Le Jardinier Solitaire, 1612, 

 describes early varieties, le blanc, le rouge and le violet. Worlidge, 1683, says there are 

 several kinds, and he names the tender and the hardy sort. McMahon names the French 

 and two varieties of the Globe in America in 1806. In 1824, in France, there were the 

 blanc, rouge, violet and the gros vert de Laon. Petit 1826, adds sucre de gines to the list. 

 Noisette, 1829, adds the camus de Brittany. 



The name given by Ruellius > to the artichoke in France, 1536, is articols, from the 

 Italian articoclos. He says it comes from arcocum of the Ligiirians, cocali signifying the 

 cone of the pine. The Romans call it carchiophos. The plant and the name came to 

 France from Italy. 

 C. integrifolia Vahl. Spanish cardoon. 



Spain. The plants are of large size, the midribs being very succulent and solid.* 



Cjrnoglossum sp.? Boragineae. hound's tongue. 



Himalayas. Hooker ' says one species is used as a potherb. 



'Ruellius Nat. Slirp. 644. 1536. 



' Mclntxish, C. Book Gard. 2:130. 1855. 



Hooker, J. D. Ilimal. Journ. 2:68. 1854. 



