234 STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 



Thunberg ' and earlier by Kaempfer.* The kind now described by a Japanese authority ' 

 is an inch and a half in diameter at the crown, nearly two feet and a half long, and of a 

 high color. The carrot is now cultivated in the Mauritius, where also it has become 

 spontaneous. It is recorded in Arabia by Forskal * and was seen growing both the 

 yellow and the red by Rauwolf at Aleppo in the sixteenth century.' In Europe, 

 its culture was mentioned by nearly all of the herbalists and by writers on gardening sub- 

 jects, the red or purple kind finding mention by Ruellius,' 1536. In England, the yellow 

 and dark red, both long forms, are noticed by Gerarde,' 1597, and the species is supposed 

 to have been introduced by the Dutch in 1558. In the Surveyors' Dialogue, 1604, it is 

 stated that carrot roots are then grown in England and sometimes by farmers.* In the 

 New World, carrots are mentioned at Margarita Island by Hawkins, 1565 ' (and this 

 implies that they were well known in England at this date) ; are mentioned in Brazil, 1647 ;*" 

 in Virginia, 1609 " and 1648; '^ and in Massachusetts, 1629.'' In 1779, carrots were 

 among the Indian foods destroyed by General Sullivan near Geneva, New York." So 

 fond of carrots are the Flathead Indians, of Oregon, that the children cannot forbear 

 stealing them from the fields, although honest as regards other articles. '^ 



Types of Carrots. 

 The types of modem carrot are the tap-rooted and the premorse-rooted with a number 

 of subtypes, which are very distinct in appearance. The synonymy, in part, is as below: 



I. 



The Long, Taper-Pointed Forms. 



Pastinaca saliva prima. Fuch. 682. 1542. 



Moren. Roeszl. 106. 1550. 



Staphylinus. Trag. 442. 1552. 



Carota. Cam. Epit. 509. 1586 (very highly improved) ; Matth. 549. 1598. 



Pastinaca sativa Diosc. Daucus Theophrasti. Lob. Icon. 1:720. 1591. 



Pastinaca sativa tenuifolia. Ger. 872. 1597. 



Pastinaca sativa rubens. Dod. 678. 1616. 



Long yellows, red, and whites of modern culture. 



' Thunberg Fl. Jap. 117, xxxiii. 1784. 



Kaempfer, E. Amoen. S22. 1712. 

 'Amer.Hort. Sept. 9, 1886. 

 *FoTskal Fl. Aeg. Arab, xciii. 1775. 



* Gronovious Fl. Orient. 22. 1755. 

 Ruellius Nat. Stirp. 699. 1536. 

 'Gerarde, J. Herb. S72. 1597. 



Card. Chron. 346. 1853. 



' Hawkins, Sir John. Second Voy. Hakl. Soc. Ed. 57:27. 1878. 

 '" Churchill CoW. Fny. 2:132. 1732. 



^^ True Decl. Fa. 13. 1610. Force Coll. Tracts 3 : 1844. 

 " Per}. Desc. Va. 4. 1649. Force Coll. Tracts 2: 1838. 

 " Higginson Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. ist ser. 1:118. 1806. 

 " Conover, G. S. Early Hist. Geneva. 47. 1879. 

 " Pacific R. R. Rpt. 1:295. 1855. 



