STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 299 



are made into blotting paper and the inner part of the stalk into a fine writing paper in 

 the manufactories of the province. The stalk, when treated like flax, produces a silky 

 fiber of excellent quality. The green leaves make excellent fodder, and Sir Allen Crockden, 

 in England, is said to grow the plant at Sevenoaks, for the purpose of feeding his stock. 

 The leaves, dried and burned to powder, are valuable, mixed with bran, for milch cows.* 

 The seeds are also said to be valuable as a food for sheep. The dried seeds are pounded 

 into a cake and eaten by the Indians of the Northwest.* 



H. doronicoiaes Lam 



North America. This coarse species with showy heads, of river bottoms from Ohio 

 to Illinois and southward, is most probably, say^ Gray,^ the original of the Jerusalem 

 artichoke. 



H. giganteus Linn, giant sunflower. 



Eastern North America. The Choctaws use the seeds ground to a flour and mixed 

 with maize flour for making a very palatable bread.* 



H. tuberosus Linn. Jerusalem artichoke. 



North America. The name, Jerusalem artichoke, is considered to be a corruption 

 of the Italian Girasoli articocco, sunflower artichoke. Gray ^ thinks that this esculent 

 originated in the valley of the Mississippi from the species of sunflower, H. doronicoides, 

 Lam. It was cultivated by the Huron Indians.* In New England, Gookin found the 

 natives mixing Jerusalem artichokes in their pottage. They were growing in Virginia, in 

 1648 '' and at Mobile, Alabama, in 1775.* The sunflower reached Europe in the early part 

 of the seventeenth century, as it is not mentioned in Bauhin's Phytopinax, 1596, and is 

 mentioned in his Pinax, 1623 , where, among other names, he calls it Crysanthemum e Canada 

 quibusdam, Canada Gf Artichoki sub terra, aliis. It is figured by Columna,' 1616, and 

 also by Laurembergius,'" 1632; Ray," 1686, makes the first use found of the name Jerusalem 

 artichoke, though Parkinson used the word in 1640, according to Gray. In 1727, Town- 

 send ^ says " it is a Root fit to be eat about Christmas when it is boiled." Mawe," 1778, 

 says it is by many esteemed. Bryant," 1783, says, "not much cultivated." In 1806, 

 McMahon " speaks of it in American gardens and calls it " a wholesome, palatable 



' Simmonds, P. L. Trap. Agr. 419. 1889. 



'Hooker, W. J. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1:313. 1840. {H. lenticularis) 



'Gray, A. Amer. Journ. Set. 348. 1877. 



* Romans Nat. Hist. Fla. i : 84. 1 775. 



'Gray, A. ^Amer. Agr. 142. 1877. 



Ibid. 



''Perf. Desc. Va. 4. 1649. Force Coll. Tracts 2: No. 8. 1838. 



'Romans Nat. Hist. Fla. 1:115. 1775- 



'Columna Minus cognit. stirp. pars altera. 13. 1616. 



^ Soisette Man. Jard. 1829; P'mWe L'Hort. France. 1824. 



" Laurembergius v4/)^ra^ Plant. 131. 1632. 



" Townsend 5ee(/ima7i 23. 1726. 



"Mawe and Abercrombie Unit'. Gard. Bol. 1778 



"Bryant Fl. Diet. 33. 1783. 



"McMahon, B. Amer. Gard. Cal. 206. 1806. 



