STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 307 



day, 450 B. C, and Pliny, Aristotle, Strabo and Diodorus mention beer. Xenophon, 

 400 B. C, writes that the people of Armenia used a drink made of fermented bariey. 

 Diodorus Siculus says the natives of Galatia prepared a beer from barley, and barley 

 is mentioned in Greece by Sophocles, Dioscorides and others. Tacitus, about A. D. 100, 

 says beer was the common drink of the Germans. 



Barley was sown by Gosnold ^ on Martha's Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands in 

 1602. Lescarbot ^ sowed barley at Port Royal, Nova Scotia, in 1606, and it was growing 

 in Champkiin's garden at Quebec in 16 10. Barley was grown by the colonists of the 

 London Company in Virginia in 161 1.' It appears to have been cultivated in the New 

 Netherlands in 1626.* In 1629-33, barley was growing at Lynn, Massachusetts.* 



Barley can be grown in sheltered valleys as far north as 70 in Lapland and 68 in 

 Siberia.^ At Fort Yukon, Alaska, it has been grown in small patches, according to Dall.^ 



H. hexastichon Linn, six-lined barley, winter barley. 



Europe and Asia. This barley is supposed by Lindley ' to be a domesticated form 

 of H. distichon. Unger ' says the six-lined, or winter barley, was cultivated by the 

 Egyptians, Jews and East Indians in the earliest times and grains of it are found in the 

 mummies of the Egyptian catacombs. Ears are somewhat numerous, says Lubbock,'" 

 in the ancient lake habitations of Switzerland. In the ears from Wangen, each row has 

 generally ten or eleven grains, which, however, are smaller and shorter than those now 

 grown. There are now in cultivation numerous varieties referred to this form. 



H. jubatum Linn, maned barley, squirrel-tail barley. 



Seashore and interior salines of the New World. The seeds are especially in request 

 among the Shoshones of southern Oregon." The maned, or squirrel-tail, barley has been 

 known in British gardens since 1782 as an ornamental grass. Its awned spikes are danger- 

 ous to cattle. 



H. vulgare Linn. bere. big barley, nepal barley. 



This species furnished the varieties known as bere, or big barley, and appears to be 

 one of the varieties formerly cultivated in Greece. Its native land seems unknown, 

 although Olivier " states it grew wild in the region between the Euphrates and the Tigris. 

 Willdenow " is inclined to place its native country in the region of the Volga. It is enu- 



U. S. Pat. Of. Rpt. 156. 1853. 

 ' Parkman, F. Pion. France 266. 1894. 

 ' U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. 156. 1853. 

 * Ibid. 

 ' Ibid. 



Enc. Brit. 17:630. 1859. 8th Edition. 

 'Dall, W. H. Alaska 441. 1897. 

 'Morton Cyc. Agr. 2:67. 1869. 

 Unger, F. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. 302. 1859. 

 " Lubbock Amer. Journ. Set. Art. 34: 181. 1862. 2ad Series. 

 "Brown, R. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 9:382. 1868. 

 Unger, F. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. 302. 1859. 

 " Ibid. 



