STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 309 



Virginia in 1648 it is said, " their Hopps are faire and large, thrive well." ' Gerarde * 

 says, " The buds or first sprouts which come forth in the Spring are used to be eaten in 

 sallads; yet are they, as Pliny saith, more toothsome than nourishing, for they yield but 

 very small nourishment." Dodoenaeus alludes to this plant as a kitchen herb. He 

 says, " before its tender shoots produce leaves, they are eaten in salads, and are a good 

 and wholesome meat." Hop shoots are now to be found in Covent Garden market and 

 are not infrequently to be seen in other European markets. 



The ^Bt allusion to the hop as a kitchen herb in America is by Cobbett,' 182 1. The 

 use of the young shoots is mentioned by Pliny * in the first century as collected from the 

 wild plant, rather as a luxury than as a food. Dodonaeus, 1616, refers to the use of the 

 young shoots, as collected apparently from the hop yard, as does also Camerarius,* 1586, 

 and others. Emil Pott,* in summing up the uses of this plant, says that the tendrils fur- 

 nish a good vegetable wax and a jtiice from which a reddish-brown coloring matter can 

 be extracted. Hop ashes are greatly valued in the manufacture of certain Bohemian 

 glasswares. A pulp for paper-making can be satisfactorily bleached, and very service- 

 able unbleached papers and cardboards are made from this raw material. The fibers 

 can also' be used in the manufacture of textile fabrics, and, in Sweden, yarn and linen 

 making from hop fibers has long been an established industry and is constantly increasing 

 in importance and extent. The stalks can also be used for basket and wickerwork. The 

 leaves and the spent hops are excellent food for live stock and especially for sheep. 



Hydnora africana Thimb. Cytinaceae. jackal's kost. 



South Africa. This plant is found growing on the roots of Euphorbia. It consists 

 of a tubular fiower from four to six inches long and may be compared to the socket of a 

 candlestick but three-lobed. The outside is of dull brown and inside of a rosy-red color. 

 It possesses an offensive smell like putrid meat. It is, however, said to be eaten by the 

 Hottentots.' 



Hydrangea thumbergii Siebold. Saxifrageae. tea-of-heaven. 



Japan. The natives use the dried leaves as a substitute for tea.' This tea is called 

 ama-tsja, tea-of-heaven. 



Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. Hydrophyllaceae. hairy waterleaf. woolen 



BREECHES. 



Eastern North America. Barton ' says, in Kentucky, the young shoots are eaten 

 in the spring as a salad and are highly prized by all who eat them. 



' Perj. Desc. Va. 3. 1649. Force Coll. Tracts 2: No. 8. 1838. 



* Gerarde, J. Herft. 885. 2nd Ed. 1633. 



Cobbett, W. Amer. Card. 1^1. 1846. 



' Pliny lib. 21, 50. 



' Camerarius Epit. 934. 1586. 



Pott, Emilin, in Farm. 509. 1879. 



'Smith, J. Dom.Bot. 208. 1871. 



' Don, G. Hist. Dichl. Pis. 3:233. 1834. 



' Barton, W. P. C. Med. Bot. 2:xiii. i8l8. 



