320 STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 



J. rupestris Engelm. 



Western North America. The small nuts are sweet and edible.* 



J. sieboldiana Maxim. Japanese walnut. 



Japan. The small nuts are of good flavor, borne in large clusters, a dozen or more 

 in one bunch.' 



Juniperus bermudiana Linn. Coniferae. Bermuda cedar. 



Bermuda Islands. In 1609, Sir Thomas Gates' and Sir George Sommers * were 

 wrecked on the Bermudas and in their account say " we have a kinde of Berrie upon the 

 Cedar tree, verie pleasant to eat." In Newes from Barmudas,^ 161 2, it is said, " there 

 are an infinite number of Cedar trees (fairest I think in the world) and those bring forth 

 a verie sweete berrie and wholesome to eat." 



J. commtmis Linn, juniper. 



North temperate and arctic regions. The berries are used by distillers to flavor 

 gin. The ripe berries were formerly used in England as a substitute for pepper. In 

 many parts of Germany, the berries are used as a culinary spice. In Sweden, they are 

 made into a conserve, also prepared in a beverage and in some places are roasted and 

 used as a coffee substitute.^ In France, a kind of beer called genevrette is made by fer- 

 menting a decoction of equal parts of juniperberries and barley.' In Germany, juniper 

 is used for flavoring sauerkraut.' In Kamaon, India, the berries are added to spirits dis- 

 tilled from barley." In western North America, the berries are an Indian food. 



J. drupacea Labill. habbel. plum juniper. 



Greece, Asia Minor and Syria. The sweet, edible fruit is highly esteemed through- 

 out the Orient, according to Mueller.'" 



J. occidentalis Hook. California juniper. 



Western North America. The plant bears a large and tuberculated berry, sweet and 

 nutritious, which has, however, a resinous taste. The berries are largely consumed by 

 the Indians of Arizona and New Mexico." 



J. pachyphlaea Torr. sweet-fruited juniper. 



Mexico. The berries are purplish, globose, half an inch in diameter and have a 

 sweetish and palatable pulp.'^ 



' Sargent U. S. Census 9:131. 1884. 



'Georgeson ^wer. C7ard. 12:266. 1891. 



' Newes from Barmudas 20. 1613. Force Coll. Tracts 3 : 1844. 



Ibid. 



^ Newes from Barmudas 13. 1613. Force Coll. Tracts 3: 1844 



Phillips H. Comp. Orch. 213, 214. 1831. 



' Johnson, C. P. Useful Pis. Gl. Brit. 264. 1862. 



Barton and Castle Brit. Ft. Med. 244. 1877. 

 ' Brandis, D. Fo'resl Ft. 536. 1876. 



"Mueller, F. Sel. Ph. 246. 1891. 



"U. S. D. A. Rpt. 411. 1870. 



" Havard, V. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 503. 1885. 



