STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 335 



in the manufacture of confectionery. Formerly the leafstalks and bottoms of the stems 

 were eaten, blanched like celery. The whole plant has a strong, sweetish, aromatic odor 

 and a warm, pungent taste and is probably grown now in America, as in 1806, rather as 

 a medicinal than as a cxilinary herb. Lovage appears to have been known to Ruellius,' 

 1536, who calls it Levisticum officinarum, and was seen in gardens by Chabraeus,^ 1677. 



Lewisia rediviva Pursh. Portulaceae. butter-root, spatlum. 



Unwooded portions of the interior of Oregon and northern California. The root is 

 boiled and eaten by Indian tribes.' The Indians of California call it spatlum. The root 

 is large and fusiform, the outer portion of a dingy color, the inner white and farinaceous. 

 It is considered highly nutritious.* 



Licania incana Aubl. Rosaceae. 



Guiana. The fruit is the size of a large olive and is dotted with red; the pulp is white; 

 melting, and of a sweetish taste; the shell, or nut, is bony.* 



Lichtensteinia pyrethrifolia Cham. & Schlecht. Umhelliferae. 



South Africa. An intoxicating liquor called gli is prepared from this plant by the 

 Hottentots.^ 



Ligusticum scoticum Linn. Umbellijerae. scotch lovage. 



Subarctic seashores; from Rhode Island, northward, says Gray.' This plant is 

 frequent in the outer Hebrides where it is called shunts and is sometimes eaten raw as a 

 salad, or boiled as greens,' or the root is chewed as a substitute for tobacco when tobacco 

 is scarce.' It is sometimes used as a potherb in Britain.*" In northwest America, the 

 green stem is peeled and eaten by the Indians.'* The root is acrid but aromatic. 



Lilium auratum Lindl. Liliaceae. golden-banded lily. 



Japan. In Japan, the bulbs are a common article of diet with the natives and are 

 sold everywhere as a vegetable in the market. When cook'ed, they are sweet, mucilaginous 

 and without any decided taste to make them objectionable to a newcomer.'^ 



L. bulbiferum Linn, bulb-bearing lily. 



This lily is enumerated by Thunberg " among the edible plants of Japan. D. P. 



' Ruellius Nat. Stirp. 698. 1536. 

 ' Chabraeus Icon. Sciag. 401. 1677. 

 ' Pickering, C. Chron. His. P'.s. 604. 1879. 

 *U. S. D. A. Rpt. 407. 1870. 



^ Martyn Miller Card. Diet. 1807. (Hedycrea incana) 

 ' Treas. Bot. 1:534. 1 870. 

 'Gray, A. Man. Bot. \^\. 1868. 

 Lightfoot, J. Fl. Scot. 1:160. 1789. 

 Journ. Agr. 2:379. 1831. 

 ' Dickie, G. Treas. Bot. 2:681. 1870. 

 " Brown, R. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 9:385. 1868. 

 'Mmer. Card. 74. 1882. 

 "Thunberg F/. Zap. 134. 1784. 



