342 STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 



entered the Rhine regions until the sixteenth century. Theophrastus speaks of lupine 

 -in his History of Plants and it is also mentioned by Cato, Columella and Pliny. It is 

 now extensively cultivated in Sicily, Italy and some other countries as a plant for green 

 manuring and for the seeds, which, when boiled to remove their bitterness, are still an 

 article of food in some regions.' In 1854, seeds were distributed from the United States 

 Patent Office.^ 



L. hirsutus Linn, blue lupine. 



Mediterranean regions. This plant was cultivated by the Greeks under the name 

 thermos and serves now as food for the poorer classes of people, as it did the Cynics. The 

 Mainots, at the present day, bake bread from the seeds. It now grows wild throughout 

 the whole of the Mediterranean region from Portugal and Algiers to the Greek islands 

 and Constantinople.' 



L. littoralis Dougl. . S 



Northwest America. The tough, branching roots are used by the Columbia River 

 Indians as winter food, being dried. When eaten they are roasted and become farinaceous. 

 Tytler * says these are the licorice spoken of by Lewis and Clarke. The native name is 

 comnuchtan. 



L. luteus Linn, yellow lupine. 



Mediterranean region. The seeds of this plant constitute a nutritious article of 

 food for man. It is cultivated in Italy.' 



L. peretinis Linn, wild lupine. 



Eastern North America. Unger* says its bitter seeds are eaten from Canada to 

 Florida. 



L. termis Forsk. 



East Mediterranean coimtries. This plant is cultivated in Italy and in Egypt for 

 its seeds, which are cooked in salt water and shelled. The peduncles, after being pickled, 

 are eaten without cooking.'. 



Lycium europaetun Linn. Solanaceae. box thorn. 



Mediterranean regions and the Orient. This thorny shrub is used as a hedge plant 

 in Tuscany and Spain, and the young shoots are employed as a vegetable.' The globose 

 berry, yellow or red and one-sixth of an inch in diameter, is sweet and without flavor but 

 is eaten in India.' 



Treas. Bot. 2:699. 1870. 



U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. XV. 1854. 



> Unger, F. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. 316. 1859. 



* Tytler Prog. Disc. No. Coast Amer. 318. 1833. 

 'Burr, P. Field, Card. Veg. 515. 1863. 



Unger, F. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. 316. 1859. 

 ' Don, G. Hist. Dichl. Pis. 2:365. 1832. 

 ' Treas. Bot. 2:701. 1870. 



> Brandis, D. Forest Fl. 345. 1876. 



