STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 417 



parsnip is figiired by Roeszlin,' iSSo, under the name pestnachen and in 1552 is recorded 

 by Tragus ^ as having a sweet root, used especially by the poor and better known in the 

 kitchens than fat. 



The following is a S3Tionjnmy founded on pictures and descriptions combined, all 

 representing our long parsnip-form of root but some indicating the hollow crown, upon 

 which some of the modem varieties are founded, especially Camerarius in 1586: 



Sisarum sativum magnum. Fuch. 751. 1542. 



Pestnachen. Roeszl. 106. 1550. 



Pastinaca sativa. Matth. 353. 1558; 500. 1570; 548. 1598; Pin. 318. 1561. 



Pastinaca domestica vulgi. Lob. Ofo. 407. 1576; /com. 1:709. 1591. 

 De Pastinaca. Pastenay, gerlin oder moren. Pictorius 94. 1581. 



Pastinaca domestica. Cam. Epit. 507. 1586; Dur. C. 837. 1617 



Pastinaca sativa vulgi, Matihioli. Dalechamp 719. 1587. 



Pastinaca latifolia sativa. Ger. 870. 1597; Dod. 680. 1616. 



Pastinaca sativa latifolia, Germanica, luteo flore. Bauh. J. 2: pt. 2, 150, 151. 1651. 



Long parsnips of the moderns 



In 1683, the long parsnips are figured in England as in great use for a delicate, sweet 

 food;' are spoken of by Ray,^ 1686; Townsend,* 1726; Mawe,* 1778; and Miller,' 1807. 



The rotmd parsnip is called siam by Don,' 1834. Its roots are funnel-shaped, tapering 

 very abruptly, often curving inwards. There is little known of its early history. It was 

 noted in the Bon Jardinier for 1824 ; as also by PiroUe ^ inLe Hort. Frangais; by Mcintosh,'" 

 Burr " and other more recent writers. 



The parsnip was brought to America by the earliest colonists. It is mentioned at 

 Margarita Island by Hawkins," 1564; in Peru by Acosta,'' 1604; as cultivated in Virginia 

 in 1609" and 1648;" in Massachusetts in 1629" and as common in 1630;'' and was 

 among the Indian foods destroyed by Gen. Sullivan '* in western New York in 1779. 



P. tritematum Nutt. 



Western North America. The roots are of the size of peanuts and are collected very 



' Roeszlin Krauterb. 106. 1550. 



' Tragus 5<i>/). 441. 1552. 



Worlidge, J. Syst. Hort. 175. 1683. 



Ray Hist. PL 410. 1686. 



' Townsend 5ee<iimoM 22. 1726. 



Mawe and Abercrombie Univ. Card. Bot. 1778. {Pastinaca sativa) 

 ' Martyn Miller's Card. Diet. 1807. 



Don, G. Hist. Dichl. Pis. y.T,i<). 1834. 



PiroUe L'Hort. Franc. 1824. 

 "Mcintosh, C. Book Card. 2:230. 1855. 

 " Burr, F. Field, Card. Veg. 50. 1863. 



" Hawkins Voy. Hakl. See. Ed. 27. 1878. 



" Acosta Nat. Mor. Hist. Ind. 261. 1604. 



" True Decl. Va. 13. 1610. Force Coll. Tracts 3 : 1844. 



Perf. Desc. Va. 4. 1649. Force Coll. Tracts 2: No. 8. 1838. 



" Higginson Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. ist ser. 1:118. 



" New Eng. Annoy. 1630. Anon. The first recorded poem in America. 



" Conover, G. S. Early Hist. Geneva 47. 1879. 



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