STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 427 



popular grouping into pole and dwarf beans. But there is this to be remarked, that Lin- 

 naeus's sjoionyms for P. nanus apply to a Dolichos and not to a Phaseolus, for the descrip- 

 tions of Phaseolus vulgaris italicus humilis s. minor, albus cum orbita nigricante of Bauhin's ' 

 History answer well to the cowpea, as does also C. Bauhin's ^ Smilax silique sursum rigente 

 s. Phaseolus parvus italicus, and do not apply to the bush bean. The figures given by 

 Camerarius,' 1586, by Matthiolus,* 1598, and by Bauhin, 1651, are all cowpeas, although 

 the names given are those used for the true bean, thus indicating the same confusion 

 between the species and the names which kept pace with the introduction of new varieties 

 of the bean from America, for Pena and Lobel,' 1 5 70, say that many sorts oifabas Pheseolosve 

 were received from sailors coming from the New World. 



Bush Bean. 

 (P. nanus Linn.) 



The first figure of the bush bean is by Fuchsius,' 1542, and his drawing resembles 

 very closely varieties that may be found today not the true bush, but sHghtly twining. 

 In 1550, Roeszlin ' figtires a bush bean, as does Matthiolus,' 1558, Pinaeus,' 1561, and 

 Dalechamp,'" 1587. Matthiolus says the species is common in Italy in gardens and often- 

 times in fields, the seed of various colors, as white, red, citron and spotted. Dalechamp 

 figures the white bean. The dwarf bean is not mentioned by Dodonaeus," 1566 nor in 

 1616. A list of varieties cultivated in Jamaica is given by Macfadyen,'^ i837> which 

 includes the one-colored black, yellow and red ; the streaked, in which the seeds are marked 

 with broad, linear, curved spots; the variegated, the seeds marked with rubiginose, leaden, 

 more or less rounded spots; and the saponaceous, with the back of the seeds white, the 

 sides and concavity marked with spots so as to resemble a common soap-ball. 



Gerarde," 1597, does not mention this bean in England but it is mentioned by Miller,'* 

 1724, in varieties which can be identified with those grown at the present time, five in 

 all. In 1765, Stevenson'* names 7 varieties; in 1778, Mawe '* names 11; in 1883, Vil- 

 morin " describes 69 varieties and names others. 



'Bauhin, J. Hist. PI. 2:258. 1651. 

 'Bauhin, C. Ptnai 339. 1623. 

 Camerarius Epit. 212. 1586. 

 Matthiolus 0/)era 341. 1598. 

 ' Pena and Lobel Advers. 394. 1570. 



Fuchsius //ii/. 5<i>/). 708. 1542. 

 ' Roeszlin Kreuterb. 149. 1550. 



Matthiolus Comment. 237. 1558. 



Pinaeus //m<. Pis. 140. 1561. 



" Dalechamp Hist. Gen. PI. (Lugd.) 472. 1587. 



" Dodonaeus Frument. 1566; Dod. Pempt. 1616. 



" Macfadyen Jam. 1:283. 1837. 



"Gerarde, J. Herfe. 1038. 1597. 



"Martyn Miller's Card. Did. 1807. 



" Stevenson Card. Kal. 66. 1765. 



" Mawe and Abercrombie Univ. Card. Bot. 1778. 



" Vilmorin Les Pis. Potag. 250. 1883. 



