STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 437 



are in the habit of stripping off the outer bark and scraping the newly formed cambivun 

 from the trunk, and this is eaten fresh or dried. When fresh it is not unpleasant but as 

 the season advances it tastes strongly of turpentine. 



P. coulter! D. Don. 



California. The seeds, says Nuttall,' are of the size of an almond and are 

 edible. 



P. edulis Jilngelm. nut pine, pinon pine. 



Southwestern United States. The nut is sweet and edible, about the size of a hazelnut. 

 It is used as an article of trade by the New Mexicans of the upper Rio Grande, with those 

 below and about El Paso. The fruit has a slightly terebinthine taste but the New Mexicans 

 are very fond of it.* 



P. excelsa Wall, bhotan pine. 



Himalayan mountains. The tree is called cheel* In Kamaon, a kind of manna, 

 which is eaten, is collected from this tree * in a dry winter. 



P. flexilis James. 



Western United States. The large seeds are used as food by the Indians.* 



P. gerardiana Wall, nepal nut pine. 



Himalayas. The cones are plucked before they open and are heated to make the scales 

 expand and to get the seeds out. Large quantities of the seeds are stored for winter use, 

 and they form a staple food of the inhabitants of Kunawar. They are eaten ground and 

 mixed with flour. It is a common saying in Kunawar, says Brandis,' " one tree a man's 

 life in winter." They are oily, with a slight but not tmpleasant tvupentiny flavor and 

 are called neozar. 



P. koraiensis Sieb. & Zucc. korean pine. 



Korea, Kamchatka, China and Japan. The tree produces edible nuts.' 



P. lambertiana Dougl. giant pine, sugar pine. 



Northwest coast of America. The resin which exudes from partially biimed trees 

 for the most part loses its terebinthine taste and smell and acquires a sweetness nearly 

 equal to that of sugar and is sometimes used for sweetening food. It has, however, decided 

 cathartic properties and is oftener used by the frontiersmen as a medicine than a 

 condiment. * The seeds have a sweet and pleasant-tasting kernel and are eaten roasted or 

 pounded into coarse cakes by the Indians.' 



' Nuttall, T. No. Amer. Sylva 2:172. 1865. 



' Bigelow, J. M. Pacific R. R. Rpt. 4: 19. 1856. 



Pickering, C. Chron. Hist. Pis. 328. 1879. 



*Brandis, D. Forest Fl. 512. 1874. 



' Brewer and Watson Bot. Col. 2: 124. 1880. 



Brandis, D. Forest Fl. 509. 1874. 



'Mueller, F. 5e/. P/i. 354. 1891. 



Newberry Pacific R. R. Rpt. 6:44. 1857. 



' Nuttall, T. No. Amer. Sylva 2:181. 1865. 



