438 sturtevant's notes on edible plants 



p. longifolia Roxb. emodi pine. 



Himalaya Mountains. The seeds, says Brandis,* are eaten in India and are of some 

 importance as food in times of scarcity. 



P. monophylla Torr. & Frem. nut pine, stone pine. 



Western North America. The seeds are of an almond-like flavor and are consvimed 

 in qtiantity by the natives.' 



P. parryana Engelm. 



California. The seeds are eaten by the Indians.* 



P. pinea Linn, stone pine. 



Southern Europe and the Levant. This pine is said by Grigor* to be cultivated 

 for its fruit about Naples. It was known to the ancients, and with the Greeks was a tree 

 sacred to Neptune. The seeds are commonly called pignons by the French and pinocchi 

 by the Italians. They are eaten as dessert, made into sweetmeats or used in puddings 

 and cakes. They are very commonly used in Aleppo and in Turkey.' 



P. sabiniana Dougl. digger pine. 



California. This is one of the nut pines of California and furnishes a most important 

 food to the Indians, says Brewer.* The seeds are as large as large beans, are very palatable, 

 having, however, a slightly terebinthine taste. Thousands of beings, red-skiimed but 

 human, look to this pine tree for their winter store of food.' 



P. sylvestris Linn, scotch pine. 



Northern Europe and Asia. In Norway, the inner bark furnishes a bark-bread.' 

 In Sweden, in times of scarcity, much bark is collected from the forests for food, being 

 kiln-dried; grovind into flour, mixed with a small portion of oatmeal and made into thin 

 cakes.' The inner part of the bark, says Morlot,'" properly prepared, furnishes when 

 boiled a very edible broth; the Laplanders are quite fond of it. When they prepare a 

 meal of it, they bark the tree all arotmd up to a certain height. The tree then dies and 

 thus the routes of migration in Lapland are marked by a track of dead pines which is 

 continually widening. 



P. torreyana Parry. 



California. This pine bears large and edible seeds.*^ 



' Brandis, D. Forest Fl. 508. 1874. 



"Mueller, F. Sel. Ph. 357. 1891. 



' Newberry Pop. Set. Monthly 32:36. 1888. 



* Morton Cyc. Agr. 2:609. 1869. 

 'Hooker, W. J. Journ. Bot. 1:205. 1834. 



Brewer and Watson Bot. Cal. 2: 127. 1880. 

 ' Newberry Pacific R. R. Rpt. 6:41. 1857. 



' Balfour, J. H. Man. Bot. 599. 1875. 



Johnson, C. P. Useful Pis. Gt. Brit. 262. 1862. 

 "Morlot, A. Smithsonian Inst. Rpt. 301). i860. 

 " Brewer and Watson Bot. Cal. 2: 125. 1880. 



