STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 477 



field. In 1639, Josselyn ' was treated with " half a score very fair pippins " from Gover- 

 nor's Island in Boston Harbor, though there was then " not one apple tree nor pear planted 

 yet in no part of the country but upon that island." In 1635, at Cumberland, Rhode 

 Island, a kind called Yellow Sweeting was originated.^ In 1635, as Josselyn' states, 

 Mr. Wolcott, a distinguished Connecticut magistrate, wrote that he had made " five 

 hundred hogsheads of cider " out of his own orchard in one year and yet this was not 

 more than ftve years after his colony was planted. In 1648, " Mr. Richard Bennett 

 (of Virginia) had this yeere out of his orchard as many apples as he made 20 Butts of 

 excellent cider." "* In Downing's Fruits,^ edition of 1866, some 643 varieties are noticed, 

 and the American Pomological Society, 1879, endorses 321 varieties of the apple and 13 

 of crabs. In 1779, in Gen. Sullivan's Campaign, at Geneva, New York, Colonel Dear- 

 bom says imder date of September 7th, " Here are considerable number of apple and 

 other fruit trees;" the Journal of Capt. Nukerck says, " a great plenty of apple and peach 

 trees;" Dr. Campfield writes, " a considerable niunber of apple trees 20 or 30 years old;" 

 and Gen. Sullivan in his official report says, " a great number of fruit trees." In a 

 pamphlet of 1798,* it is stated that one farmer near Geneva sold cider this year to the 

 amount of $1200.' About five miles from Harrodsburg, Kentucky, in 1779, apple seeds 

 were sown by colonists. * 



In 1643, Henry Brewer ' found on the coast of Chile " very good apples." In Chiloe, 

 Darwin '" says he never saw apples anywhere thrive so well, and " they are propagated 

 by cuttings." Bridges '' speaks of the houses in portions of Chile being placed in groves 

 of apple trees. About Qiuto, says Hall,^^ the apples are plentiful but small and ill-flavored. 

 In Jamaica, saj^ Lunan,^' no apple yet introduced thrives and the fruits are usually seed- 

 less. Among the introduced fruits of New Zealand, Wilkes," 1840, mentions the apple. 

 Thunberg does not mention them in Japan in 1776, but Hogg does in 1864; they are cul- 

 tivated in the north of China and in northern India, small in some districts, remarkably 

 fine in others.'* In Turkestan, in 12 19, Ye-lu-Tch"u-tsai, a Chinese traveler, found dense 

 forests of apple trees." The apple is generally cultivated throughout the Arab countries 



' Josselyn, J. New Eng. Rar. note. 142. 1865. 

 ' Lincoln Mass. Hort. Soc. 14. Sept. 20 1837. 

 'Josselyn, J. Voy. 145. 1865. 



* Per/. Desc. Va. 14. 1649. Force Coll. Tract:.. 2 : 1838. 

 Downing, A. J. Fr. Fr. Trees Amer. yi. 1857. 



* Document. Hist. N. 7.2:1125. 1798. 



' Conover, G. S. Early Hist. Geneva 35-47. 1879 



'Amer. Pom. Soc. Cat. 76. 1871. 



Churchill Co. Foy. 1:403. 1744. 

 > Darwin, C. Voy. H. M. S. Beagle 297. 1884. 

 " Hooker, W. J. Journ. Bot. 1:177. 1834. 

 Hooker, W. J. Journ. Bot. 1:333. "*34- 

 " Lunan, J. Hort. Jam. 1:34. 1814. 

 "Wilkes, C. U. S. Explor. Exped. 2:411. 1845. 

 Royle, J. F. Illuslr. Bot. Himal. 1:206. 1839. 

 "Schuyler rr&iston 1:394. 1876. 



