sturtevant's notes on edible plants 509 



R. micrcphyllus Linn. f. 



Japan. The fruit is yellow, esculent and sapid.' 



R. morifolius Siebold. 



Japan. This species bears large black raspberries of excellent quality." 

 R. nessensis W. Hall. 



Northern Europe. Loudon ' says the frmt consists of a small number of dark red, or 

 blood-colored, aggregate grains, said to be agreeably acid, with some flavor of the raspberry, 

 whence it has been recommended by some as perhaps not unworthy of cultivation. 

 R. nutkanus M05. salmonberry. thimbleberry. 



Alaska and Oregon. The fruit is red, large, hemispherical, sweet and pleasantly 

 flavored.'* The fruit is dried and eaten by the Indians. The tender shoots are also eaten. 

 In the season, canoe loads may be seen on their way to Indian villages.* In Oregon, the 

 berry is considered of excellent quality but is too small to pay for the trouble of gathering.* 



R. occidentalis Liim. blackcap, black raspberry, thimbleberry. 



Eastern North America. Wood ' says the fruit is of a lively, agreeable taste. It 

 is an inferior fruit, says Emerson,' but has been improved by cultivation. Downing ^ 

 says this berry is frequently cultivated in gardens, where its fruit is much larger and 

 finer than in the uncultivated state, and its rich, acid flavor renders it, perhaps, the finest 

 sort for kitchen use.. In its wild state, says Fuller,'" this species is most variable; he 

 describes wild fruit in cultivation as pale or deep yellow, black, reddish-purple, light 

 crimson or dark scarlet. He refers to this species, wild plants and seedlings, 12 varieties 

 of blackcaps and 5 purple-canes. Downing " describes a white variety. 



R. odoratus Linn, flowering raspberry. 



Eastern North America. This species is found cultivated in ornamental shrub- 

 beries, but it seldom bears an edible fruit in New England. Emerson,'^ however, says 

 the fruit is flattish, red, pleasant, though less agreeable than that of the true raspberry. 

 Pursh " says, in a wild state, the fruit is yellow and of a very fine flavor and of large size. 

 It is not considered, however, by Downing " or Fuller '^ as a fruit-shrub. Specimens with 

 white and pink flowers occur about Cayuga Lake, N. Y. 



' Don, G. Hist. Dichl. Pis. 2:540. 1832. 



' Georgeson Amer. Card. 12:204. 1891. 



'Loudon, J. C. Arb. Frut. Brit. 2:735. '844. (R. suberectus) 



* Brewer and Watson Bol. Col. 1:172. 1880. 

 'Brown, R. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 9:384, 385. 1868. 



Case Bot. Index 37. 1 88 1 . 



' Wood, A. Class Book Bot. 340. 1864. 



Emerson, G. B. Trees, Shrubs Mass. 2:488. 1875. 



' Downing, A. J. Fr. Fr. Trees Amer. 658. 1857. 

 "Fuller 5ot. Fr. C//. 141. 1867. 

 " Downing, A. J. Fr. Fr. Trees Amer. 658. 1857. 

 " Emerson, G. B. Trees, Shrubs Mass. 2:487. 1875. 

 "Pursh, F. Fl. Amer. Septent. 1:348. 1814. 

 " Downing, A. J. Fr. Fr. Trees Amer. 655. 1857. 

 " Fuller Sm. Fr. Cult. 1 14. 1867. 



