STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 52 1 



of a puncture of a species of Cynips, are made into a conserve with honey, according to 

 Sibthorp. 



S. plebeia R. Br. 



Eastern Asia and Australia. The seeds are used as a mustard by the Hindus.' 



S. sclarea Linn, clary. 



Mediterranean region and the Orient; introduced into Britain in 1562. In Europe, 

 the leaves are said to be put into wine to impart to it a muscatel taste. Clary was formerly 

 much more cultivated in gardens than at present. Townsend,^ 1726, says, " the leaves 

 of it are used in Omlets, made with Eggs and so must be in a garden." In 1778, Mawe ' 

 gives three varieties; the broad-leaved, the long-leaved and the wrinkled-leaved. Clary 

 is mentioned as cultivated in England by Ray,* 1686; Gerarde,' 1597 ; and it is the Orminum 

 of Turner,' 1538. It was in American gardens preceding 1806 ' and now occurs wild in 

 Pennsylvania, naturalized as an escape. The leaves are used for seasoning, but their 

 use in America has been largely superceded by sage; although the seed is yet sold by some 

 of the seedsmen, it is now but little grown. 



Sambucus caerulea Rafin. Caprifoliaceae. 



Western North America. In California, the Indians eat the berries.' In Utah, its 

 clusters of fruit often weigh several pounds, and the berries are more agreeable than those 

 of S. canadensis.^ 



S. canadensis Linn. Canadian elderberry. 



North America. The imopened flower-buds form, when pickled, an excellent sub- 

 stitute for capers.'" The berries are often used to make a domestic wine. 



S. ebulus Linn, banewort, dwarf elder, wallwort. 



Europe and adjoining Asia. The plant has a nauseous smell and drastic properties." 

 Buckman ^ says the berries are used as are those of S. nigra. 



S. mexicana Presl. 



Western North America. The berries are deep purple when ripe, agreeable to the 

 taste and almost equal to the blackberry. The plant bears flowers, gieen and ripe fruit 

 on the same branches.'' 



1 Pickering. C. Chron. Hist. Pis. 736. 1879. 



' Townsend Seedsman 34. 1726. 



' Mawe and Abercrombie Univ. Gard. Boi. 1778. 



* Ray Hist. PI. 543. 1686. 



* Gerarde, J. Herb. 626. 1597. 



' Turner Libellus (facsimile reprint). 1877. 

 ' McMahon, B. Amer. Gard. Col. 583. 1806. 

 'Vasey U. S. D. A. Rpt. 164. 1875. 



* Case Bot. Index 10. 1881. 



Emerson, G. B. Trees, Shrubs Mass. 2:410. 1875. 



" Johns, C. A. Treas. Bot. 2:1013. 1870. 



^ Buckman, J. Treas. Bot. 2:1013. 1870. 



" EHirand and Hilgard Pacific R. R. Rpt. 5:8. 1856. 



