590 STURTEVANT S NOTES ON EDIBLE PLANTS 



grown in use among the French and Dutch strangers in England, and " hath beene sowen 

 in gardens as a sallad herbe." He figures two varieties. J. Bauhin describes two sorts 

 and gives Tabemaemontanus as a witness that it was found in gardens as well as in fields 

 and vineyards. Ray,^ 1686, quotes J. Bauhin only; Chabraeus,' 1677, describes it as grown 

 in gardens as a salad herb; Worlidge,* 1683, Maeger,' 1683, Quintyne,' 1693 and 1704, 

 Townsend,' 1726, Stevenson,' 1765, Mawe,' 1778, Bryant,'" 1783, all refer to its culture 

 in England. In France, according to Heuze," the species is spoken of as cultivated by 

 Olivier de Serres and is referred to as if a well-known cultivated salad in Le Jardinier Solitaire, 

 161 2. Com salad was in American gardens previous to 1806.'* Vilmorin " describes 

 four varieties, which are distinct. All these have blunt leaves. The variety quite fre- 

 quently distributed in American gardens is that which is figured by the herbalists as having 

 pointed leaves; as, for instance: 



Phu minimum alter um. Lob. 412. 1576; Dalechamp 1127. 1587. 

 Polypremnum. Dalechamp 554. 1587. 

 Lactuca agnina. Ger. 242. 1597. 



The round-leaved form, the mdche ronde of Vilmorin, has its type figiu-ed by Dodo- 

 naeus in his Pemptades, 16 16, under the name album olus. 



Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel. Rubiaceae. tamarind of the indies. 



Tropical Africa. The fruit is eaten vmder the name of voa-vanga.^* It is the size 

 of an apple and is eaten both raw and roasted but is far from palatable." In Bengal, the 

 fruit is eaten by the natives." At Martinique, it is called tamarind of the Indies; the 

 flavor of its pulp and its color recall the medlar of Europe." 



V. spinosa Roxb. 



Tropical Asia. The berry is the size of a cherry, succulent and edible.'* 



' Bauhin, J. Hist. PI. 3:33^. 1651. 



Ray Hist. PI. 392. 1686. 



' Chabraeus Sciag. and Icon. 437. 1677. 



*WorUdge, J. Syst. Hort. 214. 1683. 



'Meager Eng. Card. 61. 1683. 



Quintyne Com/). Card. 144. 1693:205. 1704. 



' Townsend Seedsman 16. 1726. 



' Stevenson Card. Kal. 34. 1765. 



Mawe and Abercrombie Univ. Card. Bot. 177S. ( V. locustc) 

 "Bryant Ft. Diet. 116. 1783. 

 " Heuze, G. Pis. Aliment. I, V. 1873. 

 "McMahon, B. .4mer. Card. Col. 4S5- 1806. (7. /ocujfa) 

 "Vilmorin Veg. Card. 202. 1885. 

 " Masters, M. T. Treas. Bot. 2:1203. 1870. 

 " Kckering, C. Chron. Hist. Ph. 700. 1879. ( T'. edulis) 

 Wight, R. Illustr. Ind. Bot. 2:76. 1850. ( V. edulis) 

 " Belanger Trans. N. Y. Agr. Sac. 18:567, 568. 1858. (V. edulis) 

 " Don, G. Hist. Dickl. Pis. 3:550. 1834. 



