

h. i PRELIMINARY REMARKS 107 



carpet is called the undergrowth ; when it is covered 

 [by saplings standing so close together that their 

 fbranches interlace, this mass is called a thicket. No 

 special term has been given in English to a dense mass 

 of poles ; it is merely called pole forest. 1 



A tree consists of three parts, the stool, the hole, 

 and the crown. The stool is the portion of the stem 

 which, after the tree is felled, remains in the ground. 

 The bole is the portion of the stem or trunk from 

 the ground to the first branch, and the crown is the 

 upper portion which bears branches and foliage. 



A stool-shoot is a shoot given out by the stool, and 

 a root-sucker is a shoot given out from the roots. 



The mass of foliage formed by the crowns of trees 

 in a forest is called the leaf-canopy. The latter is said 

 to be complete when the crowns are so closely packed 

 that their branches interlace ; when the crowns touch, 

 but not at all points, the leaf-canopy is open, and when 

 the crowns are free of contact with each other it is said 

 to be interrupted. 



The forest-growth standing on any given area is 

 called the stock or crop. It is said to be complete when 

 the area is fully taken up by tree-growth. A pure crop 

 is one consisting almost entirely of one species, while in 

 a mixed crop two or more species may be associated. 

 Of these, those which, owing to their importance, have 

 most bearing on the treatment of the forest, are called 

 the principal species. Other species, which, although 

 of some importance, are of less value, either on account 

 of their value or numbers, are called auxiliary species, 

 and the remainder accessory species. Trees forming 

 pure forests are said to be gregarious, while those 

 which only occur scattered through a crop are called 

 sporadic. 



A regular or uniform crop is one composed almost 

 entirely of trees of approximately the same age and 

 size, provided the leaf-canopy is fairly complete. The 

 habit of a tree is the shape which it usually assumes, as 



1 In French perche is a pole, and perchis pole forest. 



