PURE AND MIXED CROPS 113 



that the species selected be suited to the soil and locality, 

 and to the climate, and also that, if the seed is perish- 

 able, it can be obtained in a sufficiently fresh condition 

 to be able to produce healthy seedlings. Before embark- 

 ing on large enterprises, therefore, it is highly advisable 

 not only to study the requirements of the species which 

 it is desired to introduce, but also the meteorological 

 statistics of the locality, as the neglect of this may lead 

 to a useless expenditure of time and money. 



We shall now proceed to examine the different 

 operations which may have to be carried out either in 

 the creation or regeneration of woodland crops, dividing 

 these into two broad sections dealing with artificial 

 and natural regeneration respectively. 



While the systems of natural regeneration are used 

 to obtain a new crop of trees either from the natural fall 

 of seed from parent trees standing on or near the area, 

 or from stool-shoots or root-suckers sprung from stools 

 or roots of trees felled on this area, artificial regeneration 

 is employed either for creating new crops on areas not 

 previously covered with forest, or for altering the char- 

 acter of the crop by introducing new species, or for 

 accelerating or assisting, or even replacing, the slower 

 process of natural regeneration. This may be effected 

 either with the help of seed or with that of shoots, such 

 as slips, layers, or rhizomes. 



Thus, natural regeneration subdivides itself into 

 regeneration by coppice and natural regeneration by 

 seed, the former being obtained from stool-shoots or 

 root-suckers, or (in the case of bamboos) from culms. 

 Natural regeneration by seed is effected by letting in 

 the light on the area to be reafforested, either suddenly, 

 by making clear -fellings, or gradually, with the help of 

 partial-fellings. 



Artificial regeneration is divided broadly into direct 

 sowing and planting that is, it can be obtained either 

 by sowing the seed direct on the area on which the crop 

 is destined to develop into forest trees, or by putting 



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