CH. IV 



NURSERIES 



129 



yard or arm fixed below the middle to a horizontal 

 cross-piece supported at either end by uprights made 

 of timber, mud, or masonry. At the end of the longer 

 portion of the yard hangs a bucket from a length 

 of rope which is sometimes stiffened below by a piece 

 of stick, while a counter-weight of stones or mud is 

 attached to the shorter end. The end with the bucket 

 is lowered into the water and is then either jerked up 

 to the necessary height, partly with the help of the 

 counter-weight and partly by a pull on the rope, or, in 



Fig. 24. 



certain places, by a person walking to and fro on the 

 top of the yard. The length of the yard will depend 

 on the height to which the water will have to be raised. 

 In a narrow well it is not possible to go deep with a 

 shadoof, as the vessel containing the water would hit 

 against the sides and spill it. The Egyptian shadoof 

 (Fig. 24) is usually comparatively short. If the lift up 

 the bank of the Nile is too high for one shadoof, there 

 will sometimes be two or three superposed. This 

 method of irrigation will only do for small areas of 

 about 1 hectare or less (2 acres). 



For higher lifts one of the most common methods of 

 raisins the water is with the Persian wheel or sakia, 



