DEMARCATION 263 



ing to trespassers. These marks may either consist of 

 pillars of a size or shape different from that of the 

 main boundary marks, or of tablets affixed to posts 

 or to the trees on the boundary, on which is inscribed 

 the nature or name of the forest, such as e.g. "Govern- 

 ment Reserved Forest." Iron standards with cast-iron 

 plates are also used sometimes, but these again are to 

 be avoided where there are wild elephants. I have 

 seen in India such standards twisted into weird shapes 

 by these animals. Likewise, on a forest boundary in 

 the Sudan, where white-painted tablets proclaimed from 

 distance to distance that behind them stood Government 

 Reserved Forest, I have seen about 90 per cent torn 

 down by elephants, and many of them broken. 



The planting, along the boundary lines, of trees of a 

 special kind which can be easily recognised by their 

 habit or by their flowers, such as e.g. various palms, or 

 the flamboyant tree (Poinciana regia), which has 

 showy scarlet flowers, or various species of Ficas, has 

 also been proposed many a time ; but I am not personally 

 aware of any case where this proposal has been carried 

 out. The planting of Ficus would lead to the danger 

 of its seeds being carried by birds on to other trees on 

 which they would germinate, and which they would 

 ultimately kill by the embrace of their aerial roots. 



A survey should be made of the boundaries of the 

 forest and a map prepared showing them, and also the 

 position of boundary marks, and of any other prominent 

 features. At the same time a register should be kept 

 in which the direction, length, and nature of each line 

 should be entered, as well as the exact position of each 

 pillar or cairn, and a description of principal features, 

 together with their exact position with reference to 

 the line. Such features are, for example, roads or 

 streams crossing or running; along the line, villages 

 or houses outside the line, etc. In this register will be 

 entered from time to time any alterations of the boundary 

 or of the position of boundary marks which may become 

 necessary, also a record of cost of delimitation and 



