No. 4.] NEW ENGLAND DAIRYING. 173 



England butter dairying, thai a few moments can well be 

 spent here considering the results of the application to actual 

 business conditions of the general propositions that I have 

 been laying down, in showing how the dairymen of the town 

 of Ryegate meet western competition in dairying. 



In the first place, they have the men, of sturdy Scotch 

 descent, shrewd, cautious, with natural business instincts. 

 [t's a Scotch town throughout. Then they have cows 

 worthy of the name, averaging yearly over 250 pounds of 

 butter per animal, — all included, good, bad and indifferent. 

 Their pastures were naturally good, and they have tried to 

 keep them good. They have put thought and care into the 

 study of breeding and feeding. 



It is a God-fearing community, of truly Christian spirit, yet 

 it has taken a leaf from the Mohammedan gospel, and placed 

 cleanliness — dairy cleanliness, dairy sanitation — next to 

 godliness. They have a live farmers' club, several cream- 

 eries : pay creamery butter-makers and managers high 

 wages, and hence get the best of men ; put business methods 

 into the whole process of milk making, butter making and 

 the marketing of the products. What is the result? As 

 prosperous and contented a farming town as you may find in 

 the length and breadth of New England, with the foundation 

 of its success laid in butter making. 



I have spent full long a time upon the considerations of 

 manufacture, and must now turn to those of sale. It mat- 

 ters not how much or how good one's products, if they are 

 not sold to advantage. Hence markets become very prop- 

 erly the next division of our subject. 



2. Markets. — It will be recollected that I stated at the 

 outset of this discussion that what I did not know about 

 marketing dairy products would fill a book. It is a phase of 

 the general subject with Avhich I have no practical acquaint- 

 ance. The propositions I have advanced under this heading 

 are entirely of a second-hand nature, and any lack of proper 

 stress laid upon this important matter should be attributed 

 to my unfamiliarity with the subject. 



It seems right to consider the matter of markets under 

 four sub-headings : — 



(a) The general domestic market. 



