No. 4.] SAN JOSE SCALE. 305 



tion in 189(5 by Messrs. Howard and Marlatt, and thus for 

 has given uniformly satisfactory results as a palliative 

 measure. It is applied at the rate of two pounds to one 

 gallon of water as a winter wash only. The soap is cut into 

 small pieces, dissolved in hot water, and, while warm, applied 

 in a spray to the infested trees, or the trunks and branches 

 may be first scrubbed and later sprayed. A boiler or kettle 

 holding from five to fifteen gallons is a necessity for work in 

 the field. Small trees need but little preparation for the 

 treatment, but large trees should be well trimmed and cut 

 back before spraying. A single winter washing of the trees, 

 as outlined above, will destroy nearly all of the scales. It 

 is safer, however, to follow the first treatment with a second 

 at an interval of a month or more. These applications may 

 be made at any time between November 1 and April 1. 



Much has been claimed for the whale-oil soap treatment 

 and up to the present season the writer was of the opinion 

 that in this remedy we had a measure that was nearly if not 

 quite exterminative in its effects. A few tests of the remedy 

 are cited below : — 



An apple orchard located in the town of Scituate was 

 visited on March 2, 1897, and was found to be badly infested 

 with the scale. The trees were planted in 1892, and at the 

 time of the writer s visit three or four were dead, twelve 

 were so badly infested that they were ordered burned, and 

 fifty-nine out of a total of one hundred and six were generally 

 infested with the scale. The orchard being somewhat isolated 

 and the owner unwilling to burn all the trees, the whale-oil 

 soap treatment was recommended, and was applied a few 

 days later. A careful examination of the orchard Aug. 27, 

 1897, showed only about half a dozen living scales. Another 

 examination on June 11, 1898, showed many scales on last 

 year's growth, although nearly all of those examined were 

 dead, a result of another treatment with the soap solution 

 during the past spring. The trees are thrifty and are mak- 

 ing good growth, yet it is evident that the scale is' still 

 present, and that remedial treatment must be kept up for 

 some time. 



In the spring of 1897 the writer personally treated a block 

 of young infested pear trees with whale-oil soap and water 



