No. 4.] GYPSY MOTH APPENDIX. 469 



APl'KXDI X. 



IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRAYING MACHINERY 



BY E. II. FORBUSII. 



The experiments of 1891 and 1892 in spraying for the gypsy 

 moth on a large scale showed that there were several requisites 

 needed to make such spraying more effectual. It was evident 

 that machinery must be devised that could be used with ordinary 

 care without breaking down. With the bringing out of arsenate 

 of lead as an insecticide, other problems came up to be solved. 

 The determination of the essential needs was a question of very 

 short time, but to supply these needs required a great deal of 

 experiment, observation and invention. 



For spraying trees and shrubbery in a wholesale manner a 

 simply constructed pump is needed, made without packing; one 

 that will not get out of order or admit of the clogging of its valves, 

 and that will give a steady, continuous pressure sufficient to run 

 several nozzles, but not sufficient to burst the hose when the spray 

 is shut off. The pump must be provided with an agitator that 

 can be kept constantly in motion by the pumping mechanism. 

 The hose must be as small in size as can be used, and must be 

 light, strong and durable. It must be coupled with a coupling 

 that will not reduce its inner diameter, and that cannot be broken 

 or torn apart by any strain that may be brought to bear upon the 

 hose in ordinary spraying. The spraying pole must be light, long 

 and strong, with a good automatic shut-off. The nozzles must be 

 simple in construction, so that they cannot clog or get out of 

 order, and the parts interchangeable and so constructed as to give 

 a good volume of very line spray. 



In 1896, arsenate of lead having been proved an effective in- 

 secticide for use on the gypsy moth, my assistant, Mr. E. C. 

 Ware, was directed to make experiments with a view to perfecting 

 such spraying machinery as was then in use, and improving any 

 parts which were not then satisfactory. Mr. Ware accordingly 



