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trusion of pests, the colonies may more easily be attended to than if 

 shelved. Grass and weeds should not be allowed to obstruct the 

 entrances. 



Materials for Maintenance. 



Manufacturers present a large variety of hives and other equip- 

 ment from which the beekeeper is to choose his type of hive and the 

 accessories. Not everything advertised is necessary for a small 

 apiary. It is advised that hives and fixtures be purchased, rather 

 than made at home, at least for a start and a pattern, in order to 

 secure accuracy of measurements and interchangableness of parts. 

 Nothing is more annoying- than to have misfits. For a similar reason 

 the advisability of selecting and continuing one tjrpe of hive, say the 

 ten-frame Langstroth, cannot be too strongly emphasized. The pro- 

 spective keeper of bees should secure a collection of supply catalogues, 

 study them, gain acquaintance with their technicalities, and then, 

 selecting the type of hive most to his liking, purchase an equipment. 

 Few parts and simple construction are features to be sought. The 

 disadvantage of the old-fashioned box hive being so apparent to any 

 one contemplating beekeeping to-day, it is scarcely necessary to 

 say that only equipment with movable frames or combs should be 

 considered. 



Aside from the body of the hive, in which the fram.es are hung 

 and the brood raised, hence called the brood chamber, there is a 

 bottom board, with entrance for the bees, super or upper body in 

 which surplus honey is stored and removed, and a cover. The bottom 

 board is recommended to be of Ys inch stock, in order to secure 

 rigidity, and should have a full width entrance. Those which are 

 reversible, giving both a shallow and a deep entrance, are good. 

 Most of the super types on the market to-day will serve. The pur- 

 chaser must determine what the nature of his honey product is to be, 

 then select his super, remembering to look for simplicity of construc- 

 tion. For a cover, the writer has been particularly pleased with metal 

 roofed covers, consisting of a thin, inner board and a telescoping, 

 metal-roofed outer cover. This is ventilated, water proof, ridged 

 and durable. There is no danger of overheating the bees when it is 

 used. 



In order to prevent the queen from going above to lay in the 

 supers, or compartments where the surplus honey is stored, a thin 

 board, with perforations which permit the passage of worker bees 

 but prevent that of the queen, is desirable. This is termed a queen- 

 excluding board. The modern wire construction is admirable. A 

 similar board in which is fitted a metal device, the Porter bee escape, 

 when placed beneath the super, will allow the bees to pass from this 

 surplus compartment but not return. Thus the honey can be re- 

 moved with little labor. It is spoken of as a bee-escape board. 



