184 BOARD OF AGEICULTURE. 



butter all made by one maker, and that maker the most com- 

 petent of them all. It saves running the other forty-nine 

 churns ; saves, indeed, a very large part of the labor ; and saves 

 it, too, where relief is most needed, in the kitchen of the too 

 often over-worked farmer's wife. Yet, if a creamery is built 

 and equipped, and a butter-maker hired, who, with the use of 

 the building and fixtures, could easily make three hundred 

 pounds of butter per day, and his patrons send him milk or 

 cream enough for only one hundred pounds, he can certainly 

 earn bat one-third of his salary, and the capital stock in- 

 vested must pay less than one-third what it .might pay ; for 

 the interest, taxes, and most other expenses are the same, 

 whether the factory is run to its full or partial capacity. 

 The farmer, too, who carries his milk to the factory, as many 

 of them do, twice a day'in hot weather, travels the same 

 number of miles whether he carries forty quarts or four hun- 

 dred quarts. An enterprising and successful manufacturer 

 never allows his employees or machiner^'^ to stand idle one- 

 half the time, when the products of his business are in good 

 demand in the market at paying prices. 



The village grocer may make as large a profit from a 

 penny sale of confectionery as a farmer makes on a quart of 

 milk ; but if the grocer's sales are confined to the trade of 

 a score or two of school-children, he must have a very small 

 income from which to pay store rent and other running ex- 

 penses. Now, the great mistake that many Massachusetts 

 farmers make, is in hoping to obtain a liberal income out of 

 a very small business, while they are incurring expenses 

 sufficient for carrying on a much larger business. The time 

 is entirely gone by when the farmer of Massachusetts,can 

 afibrd'to cut the living expenses of himself and family down to 

 the income from the sale of the spontaneous products of his 

 soil. The aare demands that the farmer shall live better than 

 that. The farmer of to-day must have a comfortable, good- 

 looking carriage, perhaps more than one ; his wife must have 

 an attractive and well-furnished parlor or living-room ; the 

 girls must have a musical instrument, and take lessons in the 

 use of it ; and the boys, who desire it, must have as good an 

 education at the technical school or college as the sons of the 

 merchant or professional men have. To accomplish all this 



