1891.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 4. 65 



will show a still larger amount. The importance of an 

 industry of this magnitude certainly entitles it to the con- 

 sideration and to the fostering care of the State. Whatever 

 can be done for its encouragement, for increasing the sale of 

 its products, for enlarging the receipts of those engaged in 

 it, not only contributes to their prosperity, but adds to the 

 wealth of the Commonwealth. It is entitled to every 

 protection which the government can throw around it. 

 Protection is the object, — I am not now speaking in any 

 partisan sense, — protection is the object for which govern- 

 ments are instituted among men. They are to protect the 

 citizen in his life, in his liberty, in the enjoyment of his civil 

 and political rights, in his industry. By our tariff system 

 we aim to protect the American producer, so that his market 

 shall not be taken away from him by those engaged in 

 similar industries in other countries, who, by reason of their 

 cheaper labor and their different conditions, are enabled to 

 make their goods more cheaply and to sell them at a less 

 price. Upon a like principle it is just- and expedient that 

 the government should protect the American farmer, so that 

 his market shall not be taken away from him by those 

 making, not the same goods, but other goods in imitation of 

 them, and which by their resemblance the purchaser is 

 induced to buy because supposing them to be the genuine 

 article instead of the imitation. I therefore believe that the 

 claim of the farmers that parties engaged in manufacturing 

 imitation butter should not be allowed to <nve to that article 

 either the name or the semblance of butter, is just, and that 

 it should be heeded and complied with by the government of 

 the State. In order to encourage useful inventions, the 

 government protects the inventor by prohibiting other per- 

 sons from making articles in imitation of that upon which he 

 holds a patent. This is done because it is considered to be 

 good public policy so to do. Now, although butter is not a 

 patented article, although no one has a monopoly of its manu- 

 facture, I believe that it is likewise in accordance with sound 

 public policy to protect those engaged in its production, by 

 providing that it shall not be counterfeited, that any article 

 made to serve the same purpose shall have a different name 

 and a distinct appearance, so that the purchaser shall be able 



