1891.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 4. 123 



I have said, "Go! Go! You are joined to your idols. 

 Go, and don't come back. Don't bring your milk here. 

 You are absolutely abandoned, and disgrace this institution, 

 and you know it." But the man would come back and say, 

 " I want to sell you my milk ; I can't do anything with it." 

 One day he said, " If I undertake to make butter, nobody 

 will buy it." I said, " You are right." Now, that man 

 represents a large number of men in Wisconsin, and 

 represents a large number of men everywhere. It is shift- 

 lessness, not a keen, sharp recognition of amenability to the 

 law of one's environment. It cost that man thirty dollars a 

 year to keep his cows, and he got a margin of ten dollars. 

 It cost the other man I will say -forty dollars, and he got 

 a margin of twenty-three dollars, and the skim-milk was 

 returned. I would pay McPherson fifteen dollars a head 

 for his skim-milk. His cows average over six thousand 

 pounds of milk apiece. He is intelligent enough to be a 

 winter dairyman, and makes his milk when it is worth the 

 most. The other man is a summer dairyman, and makes it 

 when it is cheapest. 



This difficulty confronts us in Wisconsin as it does you. 

 It reminds me of that good old hymn, "From Greenland's 

 Icy Mountains." You remember the verse, — 



" Where every prospect pleases, 

 And only man is vile." 



Mr. Bela J. Stone. I would like to ask how that man 

 improved his herd? What cows did he breed from, in place 

 of the grade Shorthorns ? I would like to ask also whether 

 the governor pays the same price per hundred pounds for 

 all the milk. 



Governor Hoard. I have no time to go into a long 

 explanation. I think our creamery was the first in the 

 United States to undertake to solve this problem of pooling. 

 We separate the milk by a centrifugal separator. We have 

 what we call the Jersey vat, and another that we call the 

 common vat. We have a large number of high Jersey 

 and Guernsey grades around Fort Atkinson, and we made a 

 provision that all the milk from cows with fifty per cent 

 Jersey or Guernsey blood should go into the Jersey vat, 



