140 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. [Jan. 



plough the middles later. It seems to me he has struck out 

 some large lands, and, in order to have the work completed 

 to-night, I think you will have to question the professor 

 pretty sharp and close. 



Mr. L. W. West of Hadley. I would like to ask the 

 best arrangement for heating water for cattle. 



Professor Roberts. Of course most large barns have a 

 small engine and boiler. In case you do not have these, 

 have a tin cylinder eighteen inches in diameter and eight 

 inches deep, made water-tight, with a little smoke-stack four 

 inches in diameter protruding out of it, and another place to 

 feed in chips, about six to eight inches in diameter, which 

 shall be a little lower than the smoke-stack. This is sur- 

 rounded by a rim, so that there shall always be water around 

 the c}dinder. The whole thing should be covered and fas- 

 tened in one corner of the water tank, so that it cannot be 

 knocked over by the cattle. This arrangement has been 

 used in Nebraska with very good results ; so good that we 

 have had a little model made of it which we exhibit at insti- 

 tutes. The water can be cheaply and easily warmed in this 

 way. 



Mr. Wake. I am very glad of what has been developed 

 here with regard to warming water. I have seen a good 

 many arrangements for warming water for stock, which were 

 simply designed, as was claimed, to "take the chill off." 

 I have heard of cases where that has been done, and the 

 farmers have felt that they did not gain anything specially 

 from it. Now I learn from the professor that water slightly 

 warmed is rather objectionable, — I should think possibly it 

 might be, it certainly is unpalatable, — and he advocates heat- 

 ing the water to ninety degrees. It strikes me that that is a 

 departure from the advice that we have previously had. I 

 have seen an apparatus on oui* cattle fair ground for taking 

 the chill off by passing a pipe through a large trough of 

 water. I think this idea of making the water hot is an im- 

 portant one. I would like to hear from any gentlemen here 

 who have had experience in using water with the chill taken 

 off, how they like it, whether it has proved profitable to 

 them ; and, if there is anyone here who has used hot water, 

 I would be glad to know the results of that experience. 



