1891] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 4. 193 



three months old. If we reach after this class of colts, and 

 breed in this way, success is going to be found in horse 

 breeding as well as in other lines of work. 



Professor Roberts. I would like to ask the lecturer a 

 question, and with your permission I would like to preface 

 it with one or two sentences. I have listened with a great 

 deal of pleasure to the address, but the subject is so broad 

 that I cannot hope to do more than touch on a few of the 

 salient points. 



The first thing which struck me was this, that I would 

 like to emphasize the idea that energy comes from the com- 

 bustion of carbon. That is nature's plan. Now, energy is 

 worth nothing until you get courage behind it ; and there- 

 fore, in order to get energy, we must have a good draft to 

 burn the material. So we find that in our fast horses we 

 have the lungs deep vertically and narrow horizontally. 

 That is the law. In the draft-horse the lun^s are wide or 

 broad, and rather low vertically, so that the shoulders are 

 wide apart, that the horse may move one side of the load at 

 a time. Any of the old men who have used oxen and were 

 expert in driving them knew enough when they got stuck in 

 a mud-hole to throw a stick of cord-wood under the off wheel 

 of the cart, and gee the oxen off; and when they had got 

 them well " geed " off, they threw the stick of cord- wood 

 under the near wheel, and then "hawed" the oxen, and 

 kept on in that way until they got the cart out of the mud. 

 That is the principle on which the draft-horse is built, with 

 its shoulders as wide as possible. 



But I am getting a little off the point I had in mind. We 

 must have courage in the horse if we want a good animal, 

 and combined with that courage must be a good amount of 

 energy to sustain the courage. No matter how much 

 courage he has got, if he has no energy ; if he has been 

 without his dinner for fifteen days, his courage does not help 

 him. The whole 1 iw must go together, — courage and 

 energy. In order to get energy, he must burn carbon, he 

 must get heat. Now, the difficulty of raising a colt in the 

 winter is, that you give him heat-producing food, energy- 

 producing food, but you do not give him bone and muscle 

 producing food ; and the colt in the stable is not to expend 



