PESTS AND DISEASES 83 



the soil is known to be infested. Sowing rape-dust on 

 the surface is said to be a good remedy, but the best 

 seems to be mustard-waste scattered among the plants, 

 wireworm being supposed to cherish an aversion to 

 mustard in any form, living or manufactured. Potting 

 soil in which wireworm exists should be spread out 

 thinly, and turned from time to time, exposed to frost 

 in winter and drought in summer. The measures 

 taken to destroy eelworm by extreme heat is equally 

 applicable in the case of these, but cannot, of course, be 

 effected in the case of beds in the open garden. 



Anthracnose is the American name for a parasitic 

 disease of plants which was first noticed on Carnations 

 in England in 1902. It is described in The Gardener's 

 Chronicle, vol. xxxi., third series, p. 193. "The 

 leaves are at first spotted with small purple roundish 

 spots. These gradually enlarge and become confluent 

 and indeterminate, and at length brownish in the centre. 

 Meanwhile, the leaves become sickly and commence to 

 die off at the tips." It has been named Glcsosporium 

 Dianthi (Cooke). 



Bacteriosis is a name applied in America to a supposed 

 disease which has since been found to be the result of 

 aphis bite, and now called Stigmanose. 



Gout is a disease long known to cultivators, the 

 symptoms of which are a protuberant swelling at the base 

 of the stem, followed in most cases by the death of the 

 plant. It is now known to be an aggravated form of 

 eelworm attack. 



Ring fungus (Helminthisporium echinulatum), com- 

 monly known in England as " Rust." It is very 

 destructive to Malmaisons, having been known in not 

 a few instances to destroy collections in a compara- 

 tively short time. It is not at all troublesome in the 

 North of England and in Scotland, and in cases where it 



