A Bulletin on Orchard Practice 13 



Jose Scale. It winters in the egg stage, the eggs being pro- 

 tected until they hatch in the warm spring weather, by the 

 shell or dead covering of the old scale. Otherwise they are 

 similar in their destructive habits. The same treatment ap- 

 plies to both. Mr. E. S. Ridge, Fruit Inspector for Pierce 

 county, and many others as well, testify to the effectiveness 

 of the Sulphur-Lime Spray for the Oyster-Shell Scale, when 

 this solution is made and used properly. F. A. H. 



APHIS (GREEN AND BLACK.) 



The aphis which attacks the foliage of the apple is usually 

 of a light green color, and those found on the plum and other 

 stone fruits are commonly black. Many kinds of plants are 

 infested with aphides of varying shades of green merging to 

 black. The females give birth to living young through the 

 summer. Near the close of the warm season eggs are depos- 

 ited on the twigs, and these hatch the following spring, and 

 so continue the cycle of development. Aphides cause injury 

 to young trees, nursery stock, and newly set grafts, princi- 

 pally by hindering or destroying leaf action. 



The common remedy is kerosene emulsion used as a spray. 

 The remedy I have found best by extensive practice is a prep- 

 aration of nicotine, a by-product in the manufacture of to- 

 bacco for the trade. This is a syrupy liquid put up and sold 

 in one and five gallon cans, and extensively used as a sheep 

 dip for ticks, and by greenhouse men to kill insects infesting 

 tender plants. It is offered to the trade under the names, 

 Sheep Dip, Rose Leaf, Black Leaf, Nicoticide and other 

 trade names. The cost is $1.00 to $1.25 per gallon and is 

 diluted with about 75 parts water for application. A strong 

 tobacco tea made from the refuse of cigar factories and used 

 as a spray is an excellent substitute for the commercial nico- 

 tine products. 



A thorough spraying with sulphur-lime solution before the 

 foliage starts will destroy the eggs, thus we gain another im- 

 portant advantage in the use of this valuable remedy which 

 is considered the standard for scale insects. F. A. H. 



