TABLE OF CONTENTS. x 



CHAPTER XLI. 



PAGE 



THE ROOT 410 



I. Function of Roots 410 



II. Kinds of Roots 415 



CHAPTER XLII. 



THE FLORAL SHOOT 419 



I. The Parts of the Flower 419 



II. Kinds of Flowers 421 



III. Arrangement of Flowers, or Mode of Inflorescence 426 



CHAPTER XLIII. 

 POLLINATION 433 



CHAPTER XLIV. 



THE FRUIT 450 



I. Parts of the Fruit 450 



II. Indehisce"nt Fruits 451 



III. Dehiscent Fruits 452 



IV. Fleshy and Juicy Fruits 454 



V. Reinforced, or Accessory, Fruits 455 



VI. Fjaiits_of_Gymnosperms. . 456 



VII. " Fjrat" of Ferns, Mosses, etc 457 



CHAPTER XLV. 

 SEED DISPERSAL 458 



PART IV. VEGETATION IN RELATION TO 

 ENVIRONMENT. 



CHAPTER XLVI. 



FACTORS INFLUENCING VEGETATION TYPES; OR ECOLOGICAL FACTORS . 464 



I. Physical Factors 465 



II. Climatic Factors 477 



III. Biotic Factors 479 



CHAPTER XLVII. 



VEGETATION TYPES AND STRUCTURES 482 



I. Warming's Vegetation Types 483 



II. Schimper's Vegetation Types 485 



III. Plant Structures adapted to Conditions of Environment. . . . 486 



