1 72 MORPHOL OGY. 



and they arise as branches from a sterile filamentous-branched, Chantransia- 

 like form. 



375. Fertilization in the lower red algae. The sexual organs in the red 

 algae consist of antheridia and carpogonia. The antheridia are usually 

 borne in crowded clusters, or surfaces, and bear terminally the small non- 

 motile sperm cells. The carpogonium is a branch of one or several cells, 

 the terminal cell (procarp) extending into a long slender process, the tri. 

 chogyne. The sperm cell comes in contact with the trichogyne, and in the 

 case of Nemalion and some others the nucleus has been found to pass down 

 the inside and fuse with the nucleus of the procarp. 



From this point in the lower red algse like Nemalion, Batrachospermum 



Fig. 183. 



A, part of a shoot showing whorls of branches with clusters o. carpospores. 

 B. carpogonic branch or procarp c, procarp cell; tr, trichogyne. C. same with 

 sperm (sp) uniting with tnchogyne. D, same with carpospores developing from 

 procarp cell. E, male branch with one-celled antheridia. F, same with some of 

 antheridia empty. (After Schmitz. ) 



and Lemanea the formation of the spores is very simple. The procarp is 

 stimulated to growth, and buds in different directions, producing branched 

 chains of spores (carpospores). The carpospores form a rather compact 



