218 MORPHOLOGY. 



452. Order Hypocreales.* The fruit bodies are colorless, or bright 

 colored and entirely enclose the asci, sometimes opening by an apical pore. 

 Nectria cinnabarina has clusters of minute orange oval fruit bodies, and is 

 common on dead twigs. Cordyceps with a number of species is parasitic 

 on insects, and on certain subterranean Ascomycetes, especially Elapho- 

 myces (of the order Plectascales=Plectascineai). 



453. Order Dothidiales.* Fungi with black stroma formed of mycelium 

 in which are cavities containing the asci. The cavities are usually shaped 

 like a perithecium, but there is no wall distinct from the tissue of the stroma 

 (Dothidea, Phyllachora, on grasses). 



454. Order Sphaeriales.* These contain the so-called black fungi, with 

 separate or clustered, oval, fruf* Hodies. black in color. The black wall 

 encloses the asci, and usually opens by an apical pore. Examples ar~ 

 found in the black knot of plum and cherry, black rot of grapes, and in 

 Rosellinia, Hypoxylon, Xylaria, etc., on dead wood. 



455. Order Laboulbeniales (Laboulbineae). These are peculiar fungi 

 attached to the legs and bodies of insects by a short stalk, and provided 

 with a sac-like fruit body which contains the asci. Example, Laboulbenia. 



III. Class Basidiomycetes. (The basidium series.) 

 1. SUBCLASS HEMIBASIDIOMYCETES. 



456. Order Ustilaginales (Ustilagineae). This order includes the well- 

 known smuts on corn, wheat, oats, etc. (Ustilago, Tilletia, etc.). 



2. SUBCLASS .ECIDIOMYCETES. 



457. Order Uredinales t (Uredineae). This order includes the parasitic 

 fungi known as rusts. Examples: wheat rust (Chapter XX), the cedar 

 apple, etc. 



The true Basidiomycetes include the following orders: 



3. SUBCLASS PROTOBASIDIOMYCETES. 



458. Order Auriculariales.f This order includes trembling fungi in 

 which the basidium is long and divided transversely into usually four cells 

 (example, Auricularia), and similar forms. Pilacre petersii on dead wood 

 represents an angiocarpous form. 



459. Order Tremellales (Tremellinese), trembling or gelatinous fungi 

 with the globose basidium divided longitudinally into four cells (Tremella). 



* As suborder in Engler and Prantl. 



t The Uredinales and Auriculariales in Engler and Prantl are placed in 

 one order, Auriculariineae. 



