ORGANIZATION PLANT MEMBERS, 



353 



Plant body. . . 



Shoot. . 



Root. 



Stem. 

 Leaf. 



KINDS OF SHOOTS. 



691. Since it is desirable to consider the shoot in its relation to 

 environment, for convenience in discussion we may group shoots 

 into four prominent kinds: (i) Foliage shoots; (2) Shoots with- 

 out joliage leaves; (3) Floral shoots; (4) Winter conditions of 

 shoots and buds. Topic (4) will be treated in Chapter XXXIX, 

 section IV. 



692. (1st) Foliage shoots. Foliage shoots are either aerial, 

 when their relation is to both light and air; or they are aquatic, 

 when their relation is to 



both light and water. They 

 bear green leaves, and 

 whether in the air or water 

 we see that light is one of 

 the necessary relations for 

 all. Naturally there are 

 several ways in which a 

 shoot may display its leaves 

 to the light and air or 

 water. Because of the 

 great variety of conditions 

 on the face of the earth 

 and the multitudinous Fig 4 , 3 . 



kinds of plants, there is the sh ^ t pinus P*- Foliage shoot and floral 

 greatest diversity presented 



in the method of meeting these conditions. There is to be con- 

 sidered the problem of support to the shoot in the air, or in 

 the water. The methods for solving this problem are funda- 

 mentally different in each case, because of the difference in the 

 density of air and water, the latter being able to buoy up the 

 plant to a great degree, particularly when the shoot is provided 

 with air in its intercellular spaces or air cavities. In the solu- 



